Ratchetaxis: Long-Range Directed Cell Migration by Local Cues

Caballero, David; Comelles, Jordi; Piel, Matthieu; Voituriez, Raphaël; Riveline, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.009

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Immune cells do it by squeezing through narrow pores of the 19 blood vessels deforming their nucleus in the process 63 . Many cancer cell types switch to blebbing under confinement 5,8,9,16,18,35,64 . We suggest that at least some of these behavioural changes involve sensing pressure through Piezo channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Piezo channel is used by migrating cells to sense compressive load

Srivastava

Traynor

Kabla

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Migrating cells face varied mechanical and physical barriers in physiological environments, but how they sense and respond to them remains to be fully understood. We used a custom-built 'cell squasher' to apply uniaxial pressure to Dictyostelium cells migrating under soft agarose. Within 10 seconds of application, loads of as little as 100 Pa cause cells to move using blebs instead of pseudopods. Cells lose volume and surface area under pressure and their actin dynamics are perturbed.Myosin-II is recruited to the cortex, potentially increasing contractility and so driving blebbing. The blebbing response depends on extra-cellular calcium, is accompanied by increased cytosolic calcium and largely abrogated in null mutants of the Piezo stretch-operated channel. We propose that migrating cells sense mechanical force through mechano-sensitive channels, leading to an influx of calcium and cortical recruitment of myosin, thus re-directing the motile apparatus to produce blebs rather than pseudopods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Piezo channel is used by migrating cells to sense compressive load

Srivastava

Traynor

Kabla

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Previous works showed in vitro, as a proof of a principle, that local asymmetries in cellular environment can bias cell directionality in another mode of migration named ratchetaxis (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). This type of behavior can lead to long-term directionality and stresses the importance of stochastic probing associated to cell protrusions, as well as the role of environment topology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cell motion as a stochastic process controlled by focal contacts dynamics

Vecchio

Thiagarajan

Caballero

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Directed cell motion is essential in physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing and cancer spreading. Chemotaxis has often been proposed as the driving mechanism, even though evidence of long-range gradients is often lacking in vivo. By patterning adhesive regions in space, we control cell shape and the associated potential to move along one direction in another mode of migration coined ratchetaxis. We report that focal contacts distributions collectively dictate cell directionality, and bias is non-linearly increased by gap distance between adhesive regions. Focal contact dynamics on micro-patterns allow to integrate these phenomena in a consistent model where each focal contact can be translated into a force with known amplitude and direction, leading to quantitative predictions for cell motion in every condition. Altogether, our study shows how local and minutes timescale dynamics of focal adhesions and their distribution lead to long term cellular motion with simple geometric rules.

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“…In vivo, cells crawl through topographically intricate environments, such as the extracellular matrix, blood and lymphatic vessels, other cells, etc., that can significantly influence migration strategies [6][7][8][9]. For instance, it has been shown that local anisotropy in the underlying substrate, in the form of adhesive ratchets [10][11][12] or three-dimensional structures on the subcellular scale [10,13,14], can lead to directed motion even in the absence of chemical stimuli. More recently, Wondergem and coworkers demonstrated directed migration of single cells using a spatial gradient in the density of cell-sized topographical features [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topotaxis of active Brownian particles

et al. 2020

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Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that cellular motion can be directed by topographical gradients, such as those resulting from spatial variations in the features of a micropatterned substrate. This phenomenon, known as topotaxis, is especially prominent among cells persistently crawling within a spatially varying distribution of cell-sized obstacles. In this article we introduce a toy model of topotaxis based on active Brownian particles constrained to move in a lattice of obstacles, with space-dependent lattice spacing. Using numerical simulations and analytical arguments, we demonstrate that topographical gradients introduce a spatial modulation of the particles' persistence, leading to directed motion toward regions of higher persistence. Our results demonstrate that persistent motion alone is sufficient to drive topotaxis and could serve as a starting point for more detailed studies on self-propelled particles and cells. arXiv:1908.06078v1 [cond-mat.soft]

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Ratchetaxis: Long-Range Directed Cell Migration by Local Cues

Cited by 59 publications

References 94 publications

The Piezo channel is used by migrating cells to sense compressive load

The Piezo channel is used by migrating cells to sense compressive load

Cell motion as a stochastic process controlled by focal contacts dynamics

Topotaxis of active Brownian particles

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