Rat gonadal and ovarian organogenesis with and without germ cells. An ultrastructural study

Merchant, Hugo

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(75)90372-3

Cited by 197 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Accounts of natural and experimental differentiation of male somatic cells have been reported in XX gonads under conditions of variable estrogen deficiency. Seminiferous tubule-like structures have been observed in freemartin cattle (Jost et al 1973), following premature oocyte death (Hashimoto et al 1990), and in XX gonads of W/W v mutant mice, and busulphan-treated rats (Merchant 1975, Merchant-Larios & Centeno 1981. They have also been observed in fetal rodent ovaries transplanted into male hosts (Buyse 1935) and in aging rodents (Engle 1946, Crumeyrolle-Arias et al 1976.…”

Section: Phenotype Of Ovarian Somatic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen actions in the ovary revisited

Britt¹,

Findlay²

2002

Journal of Endocrinology

160

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Estrogens are synonymous with fertility and infertility in mammals. Our knowledge of the biological actions of estrogens, however, is incomplete. Three recent developments have thrown new light on the actions of estrogens in mammalian reproduction that will lead to a greater understanding of their functions. They are (a) the identification of a second estrogen receptor, called ER , (b) the identification of ligand-specific ER coactivators and (c) mouse models with targeted disruption of the genes encoding both ER and the aromatase enzyme. These models provide for the first time animals which are either unable to respond to endogenous or exogenous estrogens (ER 'knockouts'), or can respond to exogenous estrogen but do not make endogenous estrogen (aromatase 'knockout' or ArKO). Furthermore, the ArKO mouse has provided a model to study the effects on the ovary of exogenous estrogens of plant and synthetic origin that are of clinical relevance. The data show that estrogens are essential for fertility but not for survival after birth or for the formation of the reproductive tract. This commentary focuses on the roles of estrogen in folliculogenesis and in the maintenance of the ovarian somatic cell phenotype in the mouse. We also hypothesize that the ER and ER may subserve the proliferative and differentiative actions of estrogen, respectively, within a follicle. In summary, estrogen is obligatory for normal folliculogenesis beyond the antral stage and for the maintenance of the female phenotype of the somatic cells within the ovaries. This clearly demonstrates a major role for sex steroids in somatic cell differentiation in the gonads of eutherian mammals and challenges the central paradigm that the ovary is the default gonad, arising due to the absence of testicular defining signals. Evidence is also provided for the plasticity of the adult female gonad. Understanding the mechanisms of estrogen actions will provide an insight into the regulation of reproductive disorders afflicting women today, notably ovarian dysfunction and the menopause.

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Section: Phenotype Of Ovarian Somatic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen actions in the ovary revisited

Britt¹,

Findlay²

2002

Journal of Endocrinology

160

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“…The histological organization of the embryonic (Arai, 1920;Torrey, 1945;Beaumont, 1962;Franchi and Mandl, 1963;Merchant, 1975;Merchant-Larios, 1979; Stein and Anderson, 1979;Prepin, 1984;Satoh, 1985;Paranko, 1987), immature (Jackson, 1913;Bradbury, 1940; Dawson and McCabe, 1951;Rennels, 1951;Bjorkman, 1962;Lawrence et al, 1979;Amsterdam and Rotmensch, 1987;Anderson et al, 1987;Carnegie et al, 1988;Ojeda and Urbanski, 1988; Ueno et al, 1989), and adult (Bjorkman, 1962;Lawrence et al, 1979;Wordinger et al, 1990) rat ovaries have been investigated in detail. However, the immediate postpartum days of development have been neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing architecture of the neonatal rat ovary during histogenesis

Rajah¹,

Glaser²,

Hirshfield³

1992

Developmental Dynamics

141

123

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The purpose of this study was to describe the changing histological organization of the rat ovary during postpartum days one through three (pl-p3). A PC-based image-combining microscope system was used to reconstruct the ovary in three dimensions. On pl, cylindrical pocket-like structures radiated from the core of the ovary that were open toward the surface epithelium. The walls of the pockets contained connective tissue cells and capillaries (stroma). By p2, these pockets had completely closed; each pocket enclosed a small nest of oocytes and a few presumptive granulosa cells. By p3, the pocket-like organization had disappeared. On pl, only one or two primordial follicle-like structures were observed in the core and toward the periphery of the ovary; most oocytes were not enclosed in follicles. By p3, very few naked oocytes remained; primordial follicles predominated in all the regions of the ovary and some of the follicles had multiple layers of granulosa cells. There were changes in location, area, and volume of the rete tubules during these postnatal days. The extraovarian rete was visible on all 3 days but changed its orientation relative to the ovary. The connecting rete was found beneath the epithelial layer of the ovary on all 3 days and showed dramatic increase in area on p2. The wide lumen of the intraovarian rete was in direct contact with some of the oocytes near by on all 3 days, but these "communication points" were most abundant on p2. Based on our observations of different cell-cell associations during this time period, we hypothesize (1) that the mesenchymalpresumptive granulosa cell association is essential for the completion of folliculogenesis, and (2) the rete ovarii may have an inductive role in follicle assembly. These observations suggest that the first 3 days postpartum are critically important for studying the heterogeneous cell interactions that lead to the assembly of primordial follicles. The regional differences in tissue organization during this formative period may have significant implications on later aspects of follicular development. o 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Gonads appear initially as a pair of longitudinal ridges, the genital or gonadal ridges which develop as a thickening of coelomic epithelium and condensation of underlying loose mesenchyme along medial aspect of mesonephros (13,14). Extremely early segregation of germ cells has been observed from the epiblast layer when it is only 10-13 cells thick (15).…”

Section: Development Of Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian development in Wistar rat treated prenatally with single dose diisobutyl phthalate

Ray¹,

D’Souza²,

Kumar³

et al. 2013

BLL

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Abstract:Phthalates are a class of industrial compounds with an array of toxicological properties used in day to day life. Diisobutyl phthalate on (DIBP) is used as an additive to keep the plastics soft or fl exible (plasticizer) in nitrocellulose plastic, nail polish, explosives, lacquer manufacturing etc. Although DIBP exposure in humans is generally low, people in adhesive industries and pharmaceutical industries are exposed to higher levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of single dose of DIBP on developing ovary of Wistar rat. One hundred and eight adult pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups. Rats in experimental group were given DIBP on day 10, 12 and 14 of gestation at 0.375, 0.75 and 1.25 ml/kg body weight dose intraperitoneally in a single dose. Sections of ovaries collected on day 21 of gestation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined and Masson's trichrome histologically. Sections belonging to the control group showed the presence of oocytes in clusters separated by thin fi brous septa. Degeneration oocytes, empty follicles surrounded by follicular cells without gonocytes in the center were observed in ovarian stroma. Blood vessels in the ovarian stroma were prominent and congested. Around a bunch of follicles total architectural disarray was observed although on special staining fi brosis was not evident. As pregnant women are constantly exposed, effect of DIBP on ovary of a developing fetus would denote the long term consequence in future generations (Fig. 5, Ref. 39 Phthalates are a class of widely used industrial compounds known technically as dialkyl or alkyl aryl esters of 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. The common forms of phthalates are Diethyl hexyl phthalate (DHEP), Diallyl phthalates (DAP), Di-n-propyl phthalates (DPP), Di-n-butyl phthalates (DBP), and Diisobutyl phthalates (DIBP).Phthalates with a variety of toxicological properties are used in day to day life. These phthalates are nearly omnipresent in modern society and are found in the plastic items, vinyl fl ooring, wall coverings, lubricants, adhesives, detergents, nail polish, hair spray and car wash (1).The adverse effects produced by phthalates are changes in morphology, physiology, growth, development or life span of an organism which results in an impairment of functional capacity and ability to compensate for additional stress (2). Diisobutyl phthalateDIBP (phthalic acid ,di isobutyl ester 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid ,bis-(2-methyl propyl) ester di-(isobutyl)-1,2-benzene dicarboxylate) is the branched isomer of DBP and an additive used to keep the plastics soft or more fl exible (plasticizer) often in combination with other phthalates. DIBP is used in nitrocellulose plastic, nail polish, explosive materials, lacquer manufacturing, consumer products, blood bags, pharmaceuticals and automobile parts. They are ubiquitous in our environment and most people including pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to multiple phthalates at a time. Saillenfait et al estim...

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Rat gonadal and ovarian organogenesis with and without germ cells. An ultrastructural study

Cited by 197 publications

References 17 publications

Estrogen actions in the ovary revisited

Estrogen actions in the ovary revisited

The changing architecture of the neonatal rat ovary during histogenesis

Ovarian development in Wistar rat treated prenatally with single dose diisobutyl phthalate

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