Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express glial markers and stimulate nerve regeneration

Tohill, M; Mantovani, Cristina; Wiberg, Mikael; Terenghi, Giorgio

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.077

Cited by 271 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is commonly achieved with exposure to β-mercaptoethanol, all-trans retinoic acid, fetal bovine serum, forskolin, recombinant human bFGF, recombinant human platelet derived growth factor-AA, and recombinant human heregulin β-1 [19,20] . The purported benefits of differentiation include superior in vivo viability and an enhancement of neurotrophic factor secretion and myelinating ability [14,21,22] .…”

Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purported benefits of differentiation include superior in vivo viability and an enhancement of neurotrophic factor secretion and myelinating ability [14,21,22] . Many investigators have shown the beneficial effects on regeneration of these cells [19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . Some claim that transplanting undifferentiated cells risks in vivo differentiation along unwanted, non-neuronal lines in response to other dominant cells in the area.…”

Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have reported difficulties with maintaining in vivo neuronal differentiation, claiming that once in vitro differentiation cues are removed, cells tend to revert back to their original phenotype [53] . Evidence suggests that undifferentiated cells may undergo in vivo differentiation in response to local stimuli [20,40,[54][55][56] , although others have been unable to show this [45,49,57] . A small number of direct comparisons have been performed and have shown either a small advantage for differentiated cells [20,23] , a small advantage for undifferentiated cells [39] or no significant difference [45,48] .…”

Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion

Fairbairn

Meppelink

Ng-Glazier

et al. 2015

WJSC

126

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Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain frustratingly poor. The reasons for this are multifactorial, although maintaining a growth permissive environment in the distal nerve stump following repair is arguably the most important. The optimal environment for axonal regeneration relies on the synthesis and release of many biochemical mediators that are temporally and spatially regulated with a high level of incompletely understood complexity. The Schwann cell (SC) has emerged as a key player in this process. Prolonged periods of distal nerve stump denervation, characteristic of large gaps and proximal injuries, have been associated with a reduction in SC number and ability to support regenerating axons. Cell based therapy offers a potential therapy for the improvement of outcomes following peripheral nerve reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to increase the number of SCs and prolong their ability to support regeneration. They may also have the ability to rescue and replenish populations of chromatolytic and apoptotic neurons following axotomy. Finally, they can be used in non-physiologic ways to preserve injured tissues such as denervated muscle while neuronal ingrowth has not yet occurred. Aside from stem cell type, careful consideration must be given to differentiation status, how stem cells are supported following transplantation and how they will be delivered to the site of injury. It is the aim of this article to review current opinions on the strategies of stem cell based therapy for the augmentation of peripheral nerve regeneration.

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Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion

Fairbairn

Meppelink

Ng-Glazier

et al. 2015

WJSC

126

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“…These materials induce only minimal foreign body reaction, and several investigators reported effective nerve regeneration with these conduits [128]. Particularly, collagen conduits have shown comparable results with autologous nerve grafts in animal studies.…”

Section: Nerve Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Nerve Injury and Current Treatment Strategies

Tezcan¹

2017

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration - From Surgery to New Therapeutic Approaches Including Biomaterials and Cell-Based Therapies Deve

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Neuronal cells are the main fundamental anatomic unit of the system. Nerve injuries are generally divided into three categories as neuropraxia, axonotmesis and neurotmesis. Neurotmesis is the most severe form. Schwann cells are activated within 24 hours of the injury and the healing cascade continued with the cells, which are stimulated by Schwann cells. And neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor (NGF) have a crucial role in regeneration and degeneration processes. Additionally, Schwann cells upregulate the expression of some proteins, such as fibronectin, which are crucial for axonal regeneration. All this information about nerve healing sheds light on treatment studies. Iatrogenic nerve injury has an important place in peripheral nerve injury. Causes may be direct surgical damage, wrong intraoperative patient positioning, anaesthesiarelated reasons or limb tourniquets. Typical symptoms are motor or sensory deficits such as paraesthesia, weakness, paralysis and pain. Many of the traumatic nerve injuries require surgical repair. Direct nerve repair and autologous nerve grafts are still goldstandard treatment options. Additionally, nerve conduits are very successful to provide an ideal peripheral support for neuronal recovery but are still insufficient. In recent years, research efforts have focused on the neurotrophic factors and cell-based therapies to perform better microenvironment for neuronal healing.Keywords: peripheral nerve, injury, iatrogenic, nerve grafts, conduit, cell-based therapy IntroductionAn injury to a nerve can result in a problem with the muscle innervation or in a loss of sensation. In some people, it can also cause pain. The type of nerve injury will determine the type of treatment that will be needed. Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) affect all age groups and have many causes like trauma and medical disorders. The majority of the peripheral nerve injuries © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.(PNI) occur in the upper extremity and are secondary to trauma [1]. Typical symptoms are motor or sensory deficits such as paraesthesia, weakness, paralysis and pain [2]. Many of the traumatic nerve injuries require surgical repair. The primary goal of the repair is to achieve the reinnervation of the target organs, but the therapeutic options which are used at present cannot achieve perfect sensory and motor recovery in all cases. In this chapter, the pathophysiology and mechanisms of nerve injuries, the traumatic nerve injuries, especially the iatrogenic forms, and therapeutic options for the peripheral nerve injuries will be discussed. Peripheral nerve anatomyPeripheral nervous system consists of neuronal cells, glial cells and stromal cells. Neuronal cells are the main fundamental anatomic unit of the system. Neurons conduct elec...

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“…In vitro, exposure of human BMSCs to ischemic rat brain tissue increases their secretion of growth factors, and in vivo intravenous administration of BMSCs in rodents, induces a time dependent release of neurotrophins and angiogenic growth factors like brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor 31, 32, 33. In non‐DM rodents, intravenous, intra‐arterial, intra‐carotid or intra‐striatal administration of BMSCs at 1 or 7 days after stroke improves functional outcome, enhances synaptogenesis, stimulates nerve regeneration, mediates immunomodulatory effects, and reduces inflammation 34, 35, 36, 37. Human BMSCs administered intravenously at 3 days after stroke in type 2 DM rats, significantly improves neurological function, increases neurovascular remodeling and decreases inflammatory responses without increasing BBB leakage or cerebral hemorrhage 23.…”

Section: Cell‐based Therapies and Exosome Therapy For Diabetic Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Based and Exosome Therapy in Diabetic Stroke

Venkat

Chopp

Chen

2018

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

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SummaryStroke is a global health concern and it is imperative that therapeutic strategies with wide treatment time frames be developed to improve neurological outcome in patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus who suffer a stroke have worse neurological outcomes and long‐term functional recovery than nondiabetic stroke patients. Diabetes induced vascular damage and enhanced inflammatory milieu likely contributes to worse post stroke outcomes. Diabetic stroke patients have an aggravated pathological cascade, and treatments that benefit nondiabetic stroke patients do not necessarily translate to diabetic stroke patients. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop therapeutics for stroke specifically in the diabetic population. Stem cell based therapy for stroke is an emerging treatment option with wide therapeutic time window. Cell‐based therapies for stroke promote endogenous central nervous system repair and neurorestorative mechanisms such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, vascular remodeling, white matter remodeling, and also modulate inflammatory and immune responses at the local and systemic level. Emerging evidence suggests that exosomes and their cargo microRNA mediate cell therapy derived neurorestorative effects. Exosomes are small vesicles containing protein and RNA characteristic of its parent cell. Exosomes are transported by biological fluids and facilitate communication between neighboring and remote cells. MicroRNAs, a class of naturally occurring, small noncoding RNA sequences, contained within exosomes can regulate recipient cell's signaling pathways and alter protein expression either acting alone or in concert with other microRNAs. In this perspective article, we summarize current knowledge and highlight the promising future of cell based and exosome therapy for stroke and specifically for diabetic stroke. stem cells translational medicine 2018;7:451–455

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Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express glial markers and stimulate nerve regeneration

Cited by 271 publications

References 20 publications

Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion

Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion

Peripheral Nerve Injury and Current Treatment Strategies

Cell-Based and Exosome Therapy in Diabetic Stroke

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