Rapid prototyping of 3D Organic Electrochemical Transistors by composite photocurable resin

Abstract

Rapid Prototyping (RP) promises to induce a revolutionary impact on how the objects can be produced and used in industrial manufacturing as well as in everyday life. Over the time a standard technique as the 3D Stereolithography (SL) has become a fundamental technology for RP and Additive Manufacturing (AM), since it enables the fabrication of the 3D objects from a cost-effective photocurable resin. Efforts to obtain devices more complex than just a mere aesthetic simulacre, have been spent with uncertain results. The multidisciplinary nature of such manufacturing technique furtherly hinders the route to the fabrication of complex devices. A good knowledge of the bases of material science and engineering is required to deal with SL technological, characterization and testing aspects. In this framework, our study aims to reveal a new approach to obtain RP of complex devices, namely Organic Electro-Chemical Transistors (OECTs), by SL technique exploiting a resin composite based on the conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and the photo curable Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). A comprehensive study is presented, starting from the optimization of composite resin and characterization of its electrochemical properties, up to the 3D OECTs printing and testing. Relevant performances in biosensing for dopamine (DA) detection using the 3D OECTs are reported and discussed too.

Designing Inverters Based on Screen Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors Targeting Low‐Voltage and High‐Frequency Operation

“…Organic electronics comprises different classes of electronics such as printed electronics, [2][3][4] wearable electronics, [5,6] bioelectronics, [7][8][9] stretchable electronics, [10] which enable electronic applications toward large-area [4] and unconventional form factors of electronic devices [11][12][13][14][15] manufactured on a variety of substrates and carriers. [16,17] Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), [16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] is currently one of the most studied organic electronic devices and is explored in various applications, such as in fully printed logic circuits, [16,26] active matrix addressed displays, [17] display driver circuits, [19] sensors, [22,23,[28][29][30][31][32][33] neuromorphics, [24] just to name a few. OECTs can be manufactured via costeffective protocols using different printing techniques, such as screen printing, [19,21] 3D printing, [30] inkjet printin...…”

Effect of Volatile Organic Compounds Adsorption on 3D-Printed PEGDA:PEDOT for Long-Term Monitoring Devices

“…Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, has been largely employed for producing polymer-based materials for biomedical applications, soft electronics, and sensors [ 27 ]. However, few works have been reported on the 3D printing of a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) blend [ 28 , 29 ]. Furthermore, the preparation of conductive systems for the assembly of monitoring devices has essentially been restricted to the extrusion-based printing method [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Advanced Soft Sensors and Actuators: From Architecture to Function

“…developed an electric‐based dopamine biosensor made by 3D organic electrochemical transistors composite PEGDA:PEDOT resin. [ 144 ] The sensing material was printed directly and the sensing response is guaranteed by the good electrical conductance, bulk ionic diffusion mechanism, gating response in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) architectures of PEGDA:PEDOT. Compared with PEDOT:PSS, PEGDA:PEDOT OECTs showed an enhanced sensitivity of 0.41 V dec −1 toward dopamine detection.…”