Rapid Identification of Species, Antimicrobial‐Resistance Genotypes and Phenotypes of Gram‐Positive Cocci Using Long Short‐Term Memory Raman Spectra Methods

Abstract

Bacterial infections are actually a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in a range of medical conditions including cancer and diabetes. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in gram-positive cocci, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), poses a worldwide threat to human health. In China, the proportion of hospital-acquired MRSA among all MRSA infections is as high as 50.4% according to the literature. [1] Linezolid (LZD), an oxazolidinone antibiotic first approved for clinical use in 2000, is effective against a variety of gram-positive pathogens and is considered as a last resort drug to treat severe types of infections (such as nosocomial and communityacquired pneumonia, and complicated skin and soft tissue infections) caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens including VRE and MRSA. [2] However, since the first linezolid-resistant (LR) enterococcus strain was isolated from a transplant patient in 2001, [3] LR strains have become prevalent worldwide, causing infection with few treatment options.