Rapid Eocene erosion, sedimentation and burial in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and its geodynamic significance

Xu, Wenchao; Zhang, Hongfei; Harris, Nigel; Guo, Liang; Pan, Fa-Bing

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.05.011

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…A terrestrial connection around this time would be in good agreement with a continental collision during the Middle to Late Eocene, as favoured by some authors 10 22 23 . Alternatively—as most dispersal events recorded here are between the Indian subcontinent and SE Asia—it may also relate to asynchronous continental collision and Neotethys closure, starting first at the western edge of the Indian subcontinent 24 , such that the terrestrial connection to tropical SE Asia would have been established last. A Late Cretaceous/Palaeocene 11 or Early Miocene 12 continental collision, however, cannot explain the dispersal pattern we describe here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biotic interchange between the Indian subcontinent and mainland Asia through time

Morley²,

et al. 2016

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Biotic interchange after the connection of previously independently evolving floras and faunas is thought to be one of the key factors that shaped global biodiversity as we see it today. However, it was not known how biotic interchange develops over longer time periods of several million years following the secondary contact of different biotas. Here we present a novel method to investigate the temporal dynamics of biotic interchange based on a phylogeographical meta-analysis by calculating the maximal number of observed dispersal events per million years given the temporal uncertainty of the underlying time-calibrated phylogenies. We show that biotic influx from mainland Asia onto the Indian subcontinent after Eocene continental collision was not a uniform process, but was subject to periods of acceleration, stagnancy and decrease. We discuss potential palaeoenvironmental causes for this fluctuation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biotic interchange between the Indian subcontinent and mainland Asia through time

Morley²,

et al. 2016

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“…Pan et al ., , ; Yin et al ., ). However, recent studies have revealed that these rocks experienced Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic metamorphism, and their protoliths include both sedimentary and magmatic rocks with various protolith ages (Dong et al ., ,b, ; Zhang et al ., , , ; Guo et al ., , ; Zhang & Wu, ; Xu et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ). These rocks are now referred to the Nyingchi metamorphic complex (Zhang et al ., , ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allégre et al ., ; Debon et al ., ; Searle et al ., ; Harris et al ., ; Yin & Harrison, ; Chung et al ., , ; Kapp et al ., ; Mo et al ., , , ; Wen et al ., ,b; Zhu et al ., , , ,b; Chiu et al ., ; Ji et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ,b, , ,b). In comparison with numerous studies that relate to the building of the Gangdese arc during the Mesozoic Andean‐type accretionary orogenesis, reworking of the Gangdese arc during the Cenozoic collision has received much less attention (Zhang et al ., ; Guo et al ., , ; Pan et al ., ; Xu et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At the Namche Barwa (Eastern Himalayan) syntaxis, owing to rapid Late Cenozoic uplift and erosion, the middle to lower crustal sections of the Gangdese magmatic arc are well exposed in the southeastern Lhasa terrane (Figs & ; Burg et al ., ; Zhang et al ., , , ; Searle et al ., ; Guo et al ., ; Xu et al ., ; Palin et al ., ). These deep‐seated rocks, which formed during a long period of magmatism and metamorphism, provide a rare opportunity to assess the processes involved in the building and reworking of a continental magmatic arc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reworking of the Gangdese magmatic arc, southeastern Tibet: post‐collisional metamorphism and anatexis

Zhang

Dong

Xiang

et al. 2014

Journal Metamorphic Geology

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The Gangdese magmatic arc, southeastern Tibet, was built by mantle-derived magma accretion and juvenile crustal growth during the Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic northward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab beneath the Eurasian continent. The petrological and geochronological data reveal that the lower crust of the southeastern Gangdese arc experienced Oligocene reworking by metamorphism, anatexis and magmatism after the India and Asia collision. The post-collisional metamorphic and migmatitic rocks formed at 34-26 Ma and 28-26 Ma respectively. Meta-granitoids have protolith ages of 65-38 Ma. Inherited detrital zircon from metasedimentary rocks has highly variable ages ranging from 2708 to 37 Ma. These rocks underwent post-collisional amphibolite facies metamorphism and coeval anatexis under P-T conditions of~710-760°C and~12 kbar with geothermal gradients of 18-20°C km À1 , indicating a distinct crustal thickening process. Crustal shortening, thickening and possible subduction erosion due to the continental collision and ongoing convergence resulted in high-P metamorphic and anatectic reworking of the magmatic and sedimentary rocks of the deep Gangdese arc. This study provides a typical example of the reworking of juvenile and ancient continental crust during active collisional orogeny.

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“…Recent geological studies show the presence of a >2000 km long Gangdese Magmatic arc (65 to 44 Ma in age) located in the southern part of the Lhasa Block (see Fig. 6a), below which the Tethyan-Indian Oceanic Plate was subducted northward (e.g., Wu et al 2013;Xu et al 2013). However, Hetzel et al (2011) demonstrated that rapid exhumation of up to 6 km in the northern Lhasa block between 65 and 48 Ma formed low-relief surfaces, probably at an altitude close to sea level.…”

Section: History Of the Htp Upliftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau

Tada

Zheng

Clift

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

180

119

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Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and its linkage with the evolution of the Asian monsoon has been regarded as a typical example of a tectonic-climate linkage. Although this linkage remains unproven because of insufficient data, our understanding has greatly advanced in the past decade. It is thus timely to summarize our knowledge of the uplift history of the HTP, the results of relevant climate simulations, and spatiotemporal changes in the Indian and East Asian monsoons since the late Eocene. Three major pulses of the HTP uplift have become evident: (1) uplift of the southern and central Tibetan Plateau (TP) at ca. 40-35 Ma, (2) uplift of the northern TP at ca. 25-20 Ma, and (3) uplift of the northeastern to eastern TP at ca. 15-10 Ma. Modeling predictions suggest that (i) uplift of the southern and central TP should have intensified the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the Somali Jet at 40-35 Ma; (ii) uplift of the northern TP should have intensified the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM), as well as the desertification of inland Asia at 25-20 Ma; and (iii) uplift of the northeastern and eastern TP should have further intensified the EASM and EAWM at 15-10 Ma.We tested these predictions by comparing them with paleoclimate data for the time intervals of interest. There are insufficient paleoclimate data to test whether the ISM and Somali Jet intensified with the uplift of the southern and central TP at 40-35 Ma, but it is possible that such uplift enhanced erosion and weathering that drew down atmospheric CO 2 and resulted in global cooling. There is good evidence that the EASM and EAWM intensified, and desertification started in inland Asia at 25-20 Ma in association with the uplift of the northern TP. The impact of the uplift of the northeastern and eastern TP on the Asian monsoon at 15-10 Ma is difficult to evaluate because that interval was also a time of global cooling and Antarctic glaciation that might also have influenced the intensity of the Asian monsoon.

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Rapid Eocene erosion, sedimentation and burial in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and its geodynamic significance

Cited by 31 publications

References 104 publications

Biotic interchange between the Indian subcontinent and mainland Asia through time

Biotic interchange between the Indian subcontinent and mainland Asia through time

Reworking of the Gangdese magmatic arc, southeastern Tibet: post‐collisional metamorphism and anatexis

Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau

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