Rapid determination of diesel/biodiesel blend ratio using refractive index, density, and kinematic viscosity measurements

Khazaai, Siti Norhafiza Mohd; Bhuyar, Prakash; Rahim, Mohd Hasbi Ab.; Alwi, Muhammad Hasnol Fazirin Mohd; Yiting, Sih; Maniam, Gaanty Pragas

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01921-z

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The higher viscosity of C30K70 ends up with the higher unburnt HC formation, in spite of its possession of fuel-born oxygen. Further, there is a reduction in unburnt HC when there is an increase in camphor oil concentrations in the Karanja oil camphor oil blend because of the reduction in viscosity (Kanaveli et al 2017;Erdoğan et al 2019;Khazaai et al 2021). Whereas the camphor oil -diesel blend, the fuel-born oxygen facilitated the lowering of unburnt HC emissions with the help of the fuel-born oxygen.…”

Section: Hydrocarbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental investigation of exergy, performance, emissions, combustion characteristics, and cyclic variations of CI engine fueled Karanja oil blended camphor oil and diesel blended camphor oil.

Gurusamy,

Subramaniyan,

Ponnusamy

2023

Preprint

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This article compares the influence of the blending the low-viscous oxygenated camphor oil with hydrocarbon diesel fuel and high viscous oxygenated Karanja oil. The experiment is conducted in a four-stroke 1-cylinder naturally aspirated Kirloskar compression ignition (CI) engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The three types of fuel blends are prepared by blending the camphor oil with Karanja oil on the volume ratio of 30:70 (C30K70), 50:50 (C50K50), and 70:30 (C70K30), and the other three types of fuels are prepared by blending the camphor oil with diesel on the volume ratio of 30:70 (C30D70), 50:50 (C50D50), and 70:30 (C70D30). The results reveal improvement in the engine performance characteristics of the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific energy consumptions due to the blending of camphor oil either with hydrocarbon diesel fuel or Karanja oil. Further, it also reduces the CO, HC, and smoke emissions with an increase in NO and CO2 emissions. The rate of pressure rise, net heat release rate and cyclic irregularities found to increase with increase in proportion of the camphor oil. The P-v diagram also confirms the lower heat addition period for the C70D30 and C70K30 with an increase in brake thermal efficiency. The actual compression ratio and the actual cut-off ratio are found to have a reasonable correlation with the thermal efficiency of the engine. Second-order polynomial equations were obtained for the engine characteristics using the Curve fitting method, and the characteristic equations confirmed the confidence level of 95%.

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Section: Hydrocarbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental investigation of exergy, performance, emissions, combustion characteristics, and cyclic variations of CI engine fueled Karanja oil blended camphor oil and diesel blended camphor oil.

Gurusamy,

Subramaniyan,

Ponnusamy

2023

Preprint

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“…RSM is a combination of mathematical and statistical techniques in which the variables are examined to detail the full understanding of a process (linear, square, and interaction factor effects). Coefficient of multiple correlation (R 2 value) determines the model statistical adequacy, whose value is above 0.89 for the physical properties of biodiesel fuel derived from the blend of palm, olive and soybean oils [68]. Software (Design Expert version 11) defines the experimental plan and performs analysis and optimization.…”

Section: Modeling and Analysis Of Transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

MgO Nano-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Coconut Oil and Fish Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Grasshopper Optimization

et al. 2022

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In India, a densely populated country, fossil fuel depletion affects the energy sector that fulfils the industrial and human needs. Concerning greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, and sustainability, there is a great demand to search for alternate feedstocks to produce alternate fuels at a low cost. The present work focuses on waste coconut and fish oil as potential inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production. Two-stage transesterification processes for biodiesel production from hybrid oils mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio by employing solid nano-catalyst Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of the physics of transesterification variables, such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio (M:O), MgO catalyst concentration (MgO CC), and reaction temperature (RT), on biodiesel yield, based on experimental data gathered in accordance with the matrices of central composite design (CCD). MgO CC showed the highest contribution, followed by M:O and RT, to maximize biodiesel yield. All interaction factors showed a significant effect except the M:O with RT. Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) determined optimal conditions (M:O: 10.65; MgO CC: 1.977 wt.%; RT: 80 °C) based on empirical equations, resulting in maximum biodiesel yield conversion experimentally equal to 96.8%. The physical stability of the MgO nano-catalyst and reactivity up to 5 successive cycles can yield 91.5% biodiesel yield, demonstrating its reusability for sustainable biodiesel production at low cost. The optimized biodiesel yield showed better physicochemical properties (tested according to ASTM D6751-15C) to use practically in diesel engines.

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“…In line with the raised questions, few studies exist in the literature; many have explored the use of alternative liquid fuels (including biofuels and waste-derived fuels) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in CI engines [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Among the many waste-derived fuels, waste plastic oil (WPO) is one that is widely proposed for CI engines in literature even after witnessing net-zero energy options for industrial systems and high-valued waste-plastic derived porous carbons [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, biofuels in blends with conventional fuels are explored to minimize fuel usage and engine emissions [12,13]. However, many researchers have found a limitation with thermal efficiency [14][15][16][17]. Hence, the combined effect of high EGR and biofuel is considered to enhance thermal efficiency [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Nano-Coated Combustion Chamber of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Plastic Oil

Saravanan¹,

Ettappan²,

Kumar

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Managing waste plastic is becoming a severe challenge. The industry and researchers have been looking at various opportunities in line with circular economy principles for effective plastic waste management. In that context, plastic waste valorization to oil as a substitute to fossil fuel has gained recent attention. In the literature, there exist few studies showing the use of oil derived from waste plastics in blends with other conventional fuels in compression ignition (CI) engines; however, studies on CI engines that use 100% waste-derived fuels are limited. Additionally, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) concepts and the use of nano-coated chambers (like pistons, valves and cylinders heads) have been gaining interest purely from the engine performance enhancement perspective in recent years. Therefore, this study investigates engine performance by combining exhaust gas from the EGR technique and waste plastic oil (WPO) as inputs, followed by thermal coatings in the CI engine chambers for performance enhancement. The experimental setup of the engine is developed, and the engine’s piston, valve and cylinder heads are coated with Al2O3-SiO4 material. The CI engine’s energy, emission, and combustion characteristics are tested, followed by a scenario analysis compared with diesel-only fuel. The tested scenarios include a WPO + Al2O3-SiO4, WPO + Al2O3-SiO4 + 10% EGR, and WPO + Al2O3-SiO4 + 20% EGR. The results show that the piston crown’s thermal coating increased the combustion performance. Significant impacts on the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke characteristics are observed for different %EGR rates. The results also showed that the cooled EGR engine has decreased nitric oxide emissions. Overall, the results show that WPO combined with exhaust gas could be a potential fuel for future CI engines.

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Rapid determination of diesel/biodiesel blend ratio using refractive index, density, and kinematic viscosity measurements

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Numerical and experimental investigation of exergy, performance, emissions, combustion characteristics, and cyclic variations of CI engine fueled Karanja oil blended camphor oil and diesel blended camphor oil.

Numerical and experimental investigation of exergy, performance, emissions, combustion characteristics, and cyclic variations of CI engine fueled Karanja oil blended camphor oil and diesel blended camphor oil.

MgO Nano-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Waste Coconut Oil and Fish Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Grasshopper Optimization

Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Nano-Coated Combustion Chamber of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Plastic Oil

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