Rapid assessment of TiO2 pigment durability via the acid solubility test

Diebold, Michael P.; Kwoka, R. A.; Mehr, S. R.; Vargas, R. W.

doi:10.1007/s11998-004-0018-y

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…If migration would play a role, both lab-aged and UV-aged samples should show similar effects and this is not the case. Furthermore, it is well known no solvents for titanium dioxide are available [52]. If dissolution would occur, both anatase and rutile samples would be expected to show changes and this is not the case.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Driel

Wezendonk

Berg

et al. 2017

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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Titanium white (TiO) has been widely used as a pigment in the 20th century. However, its most photocatalytic form (anatase) can cause severe degradation of the oil paint in which it is contained. UV light initiates TiO-photocatalyzed processes in the paint film, degrading the oil binder into volatile components resulting in chalking of the paint. This will eventually lead to severe changes in the appearance of a painting. To date, limited examples of degraded works of art containing titanium white are known due to the relatively short existence of the paintings in question and the slow progress of the degradation process. However, UV light will inevitably cause degradation of paint in works of art containing photocatalytic titanium white. In this work, a method to detect early warning signs of photocatalytic degradation of unvarnished oil paint is proposed, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Consequently, a four-stage degradation model was developed through in-depth study of TiO-containing paint films in various stages of degradation. The XPS surface analysis proved very valuable for detecting early warning signs of paint degradation, whereas the AFM results provide additional confirmation and are in good agreement with bulk gloss reduction.

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Driel

Wezendonk

Berg

et al. 2017

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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“…Acid solubility tests were performed to determine how well the 2 nm ALD films protect the substrate particles [21].…”

Section: Tio 2 Acid Resistance By Sio 2 Aldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivation of pigment-grade TiO₂particles by nanothick atomic layer deposited SiO₂films

et al. 2008

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Pigment-grade TiO(2) particles were passivated using nanothick insulating films fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Conformal SiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) layers were coated onto anatase and rutile powders in a fluidized bed reactor. SiO(2) films were deposited using tris-dimethylaminosilane (TDMAS) and H(2)O(2) at 500 °C. Trimethylaluminum and water were used as precursors for Al(2)O(3) ALD at 177 °C. The photocatalytic activity of anatase pigment-grade TiO(2) was decreased by 98% after the deposition of 2 nm SiO(2) films. H(2)SO(4) digest tests were performed to exhibit the pinhole-free nature of the coatings and the TiO(2) digest rate was 40 times faster for uncoated TiO(2) than SiO(2) coated over a 24 h period. Mass spectrometry was used to monitor reaction progress and allowed for dosing time optimization. These results demonstrate that the TDMAS-H(2)O(2) chemistry can deposit high quality, fully dense SiO(2) films on high radius of curvature substrates. Particle ALD is a viable passivation method for pigment-grade TiO(2) particles.

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Durability of Paints, Plastics, and Paper Laminates

Diebold¹,

Backer²,

Niedenzu³

et al. 2022

Pigments, Extenders, and Particles in Surface Coatings and Plastics

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Rapid assessment of TiO2 pigment durability via the acid solubility test

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Passivation of pigment-grade TiO₂particles by nanothick atomic layer deposited SiO₂films

Durability of Paints, Plastics, and Paper Laminates

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Rapid assessment of TiO2 pigment durability via the acid solubility test

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Determination of early warning signs for photocatalytic degradation of titanium white oil paints by means of surface analysis

Passivation of pigment-grade TiO2particles by nanothick atomic layer deposited SiO2films

Durability of Paints, Plastics, and Paper Laminates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Passivation of pigment-grade TiO₂particles by nanothick atomic layer deposited SiO₂films