Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the analysis of carbon-based materials (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, multilayer graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes) and of some of their elastomeric composites

Bokobza, Liliane; Bruneel, Jean‐Luc; Couzi, M.

doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2014.07.009

Cited by 215 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The spectrum of the sepiolite-GNP composite (doped with MWCNTs), selected as an illustrative example in the Figure 7 , shows signals centered at the same wavenumbers to that of GNP but showing some differences, besides the spectrum background characteristic of the fl uorescent properties of natural sepiolite from Vallecas-Vicálvaro deposits, used here. [ 33,34 ] The thermal and thermogravimetric analyses (DTA and TGA, respectively) of composites are also quite similar to those of starting individual components, i.e., sepiolite and GNP ( Figure 4S, Supporting Information). Something similar happens with G′ signal, which shows changes both in shape, being more symmetric than in the spectrum of GNP, and position, appearing at lower wavenumbers, which may be ascribed to a possible delamination of GNP induced by the ultrasonication process.…”

Section: Clay/graphene-nanoplatelet Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Clay‐Graphene Nanoplatelets Functional Conducting Composites

Ruiz‐Hitzky

Sobral

Gómez-Avilés

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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An approach to functionalize graphene-based materials has been developed by assembling graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) with clay minerals. Under convenient sonomechanical treatment, clay-GNP mixtures may produce very stable water dispersions in particular using sepiolite fi brous clay. While in the absence of clay a rapid decantation of GNP in water is observed, in the presence of sepiolite the resulting dispersions remain stable during months without syneresis effects. Rigid but fl exible self-supported fi lms are easily obtained by fi ltering of these dispersions. As the electrical percolation threshold corresponds to sepiolite/GNP composites of 0.5:1 in weight, doping these systems with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) significantly enhances their electrical conductivity. The particular microporosity of the sepiolite component allows interactions with molecules, such as organic dyes, as well as polymers, such as biopolymers, opening the way to functional materials for advanced applications due to their inherent conductivity afforded by the GNP and MWCNTs carbonaceous components. In fact, using very small amount of MWCNT together with GNP can obtain composites with signifi cant electrical conductivity, maintaining the enhanced mechanical properties, at a lower cost.

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Section: Clay/graphene-nanoplatelet Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Clay‐Graphene Nanoplatelets Functional Conducting Composites

Ruiz‐Hitzky

Sobral

Gómez-Avilés

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The two solutions are mixed together and the cross-linking process and film formation can be achieved after total removal of the solvent. But some carbon-based materials can be directly dispersed in polymers that are fluid at room temperature like low molecular weight poly(dimethylsiloxanes) before proceeding to the curing reaction [21]. A polymer latex instead of a polymer solution has been used for the synthesis of rubber-clay nanocomposites by co-coagulating the rubber latex and a clay aqueous suspension [22][23][24].…”

Section: Manufacturing Techniques Of Rubber Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials

Bokobza¹

2017

Self Cite

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Carbon nanostructures including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite or graphene have attracted a tremendous interest as fillers for elastomeric compounds. The preparation methods of nanocomposites that have a strong impact on the state of filler dispersion and thus on the properties of the resulting composites, are briefly described. At a same filler loading, considerable improvement in stiffness is imparted to the host polymeric matrix by the carbon nanomaterials with regard to that provided by the conventional carbon black particles. It is mainly attributed to the high aspect ratio of the nanostructures rather than to strong polymer-filler interactions. The orienting capability of the anisotropic fillers under strain as well the formation of a filler network, have to be taken into account to explain the high level of reinforcements. A comparison of the efficiency of the different carbon nanostructures is carried out through their mechanical and electrical properties but no clear picture can be obtained since the composite properties are strongly affected by the state of filler dispersion.

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“…The ideal structure of the graphene lattice allows for the monitoring of any structural or chemical change in its structure via the monitoring of its Raman vibrational modes. Extended research has been reported in literature in relation to Raman studies of graphene and GO (Dresselhaus et al, 2008;Ferrari and Basko, 2013;Bokobza et al, 2014). Especially with regards to the annealing process of the GO, numerous studies have evaluated the effects of the temperature and the annealing environment both for mechanically exfoliated and CVD grown graphene (Lin et al, 2012;Botcha et al, 2014;Alyobi et al, 2017;Zion et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of Graphene Oxide and Single Layer Graphene Flakes—Defects Annealing and Healing

et al. 2018

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Graphene has outstanding properties that make it an auspicious material for many applications. This work presents the production of graphene oxide (GO) via the Langmuir-Blodgett process and the subsequent restoration of single layer graphene flakes (SLGF) via the chemical reduction, and thermal annealing of the GO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical images were used to evaluate the morphology and surface coverage of the substrate with GO flakes. Through this technique, smooth dispersion, controllable development, and population of the GO single flakes on the Si substrate without size limitation have been achieved. The height distribution of the GO was monitored after each processing step by AFM measurements. Additionally, the effects of each process on the structure of the samples was systematically studied via 2D Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) mapping. The determination of the layer number on each graphene flake was accomplished by monitoring the observed Raman shifts as a function of the position and confirmed via AFM measurements. The spectroscopic analysis of the single flakes was performed in order to study their topography and identify their quality as a function of the processing steps. Via the topographic 2D analysis of both the first-and second-order vibrational modes as a function of the position on the crystal, the degree of graphitization and/or the presence of defects, as well as the presence of internal stresses were mapped. Such a systematic determination of the effects of reduction and annealing on the structure of single layer graphene from reduced GO produced via the Langmuir-Blodgett process is reported for the first time in literature.

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Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the analysis of carbon-based materials (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, multilayer graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes) and of some of their elastomeric composites

Cited by 215 publications

References 57 publications

Clay‐Graphene Nanoplatelets Functional Conducting Composites

Clay‐Graphene Nanoplatelets Functional Conducting Composites

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials

Mapping of Graphene Oxide and Single Layer Graphene Flakes—Defects Annealing and Healing

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