Rainfall erosivity and extreme precipitation in the Pannonian basin

Abstract

In order to assess the rainfall erosivity in the Pannonian basin, several parameters which describe distribution, concentration and variability of precipitation were used, as well as 9 extreme precipitation indices. The precipitation data is obtained from the European Climate Assessment and Dataset project for the period 1961-2014, for 8 meteorological stations in northern Serbia, 5 in Hungary and 1 in eastern Croatia. The extreme values of precipitation were calculated following the indices developed by the ETCCDI. RclimDex software package was used for indices calculation. Based on statistical analysis and the calculated values, the results have been presented with Geographic Information System (GIS) to point out the most vulnerable parts of the Pannonian basin, with regard to pluvial erosion. This study presents the first result of combined rainfall erosivity and extreme precipitation indices for the investigated area. Results of PCI indicate presence of moderate precipitation concentration (mean value 11.6). Trend analysis of FI (mean value 22.7) and MFI (mean value 70.2) implies a shift from being largely in the low erosivity class, to being completely in the moderate erosivity class in the future, thus indicating an increase in rainfall erosivity for most of the investigated area (except in the northwestern parts). Furthermore, the observed precipitation extremes suggest that both the amount and the intensity of precipitation are increasing. The knowledge about the areas affected by strong soil erosion could lead to introducing effective measures in order to reduce it. Long term analysis of rainfall erosivity is a significant step concerning flood prevention, hazard mitigation, ecosystem services, land use change and agricultural production.

Shaping Sustainable Urban Environments by Addressing the Hydro-Meteorological Factors in Landslide Occurrence: Ciuperca Hill (Oradea, Romania)

“…), the authors of this study focused on selected pluvial and drought parameters in order to fully describe the variability and occurrence of the main agent of wet mass movement events. Selected meteorological parameters were used in order to calculate rainfall erosivity indices such as precipitation concentration index ( PCI ), modified Fournier index ( MFI ), rainfall erosivity ( RE ) and erosivity density ( ED ), as well as factors affecting them at local scales [ 62 ] in the context of climate variability as an important prerequisite of soil erosion prevention and soil loss risk assessment [ 16 , 28 , 69 ] over the 2003–2017 period. The PCI characterizes rainfall variability through space and time, and has previously been used to identify potential patterns of climatic interaction with geological substrate that may trigger landslide events (e.g., [ 28 ]).…”

“…Selected meteorological parameters were used in order to calculate rainfall erosivity indices such as precipitation concentration index ( PCI ), modified Fournier index ( MFI ), rainfall erosivity ( RE ) and erosivity density ( ED ), as well as factors affecting them at local scales [ 62 ] in the context of climate variability as an important prerequisite of soil erosion prevention and soil loss risk assessment [ 16 , 28 , 69 ] over the 2003–2017 period. The PCI characterizes rainfall variability through space and time, and has previously been used to identify potential patterns of climatic interaction with geological substrate that may trigger landslide events (e.g., [ 28 ]). It is also the basis for calculating the rainfall erosivity index, the MFI , which has been used to analyze rainfall aggressiveness and its correlation with other climatic variables contributing to catastrophic erosion (e.g., [ 16 , 17 , 28 , 69 ]).…”

“…The PCI characterizes rainfall variability through space and time, and has previously been used to identify potential patterns of climatic interaction with geological substrate that may trigger landslide events (e.g., [ 28 ]). It is also the basis for calculating the rainfall erosivity index, the MFI , which has been used to analyze rainfall aggressiveness and its correlation with other climatic variables contributing to catastrophic erosion (e.g., [ 16 , 17 , 28 , 69 ]). Rainfall erosivity indices were used because they represent not only the higher percentages of the annual total precipitation in a few very rainy days, but also the time and degree of concentration of the yearly total precipitation within a year.…”

“…A landslide area is a reasonable proxy for landslide magnitude and its destructiveness [ 26 , 27 ]. In this sense, landslide disasters are often the result of disorganized land-use changes, disregarded geomorphologic and geologic features, ignored and overridden regulations, and an uncontrolled urbanization process combined with extreme weather events [ 16 , 28 , 29 ], mainly flash floods and rainfall. Urban landslides represent a primary geologic hazard in many areas, especially coastal and riverside areas threatening public and private values, or properties [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Perspectives of the tourism development in terms of water crisis (case study of Iran)

“…Even though many researchers have tried to identify and discover the different aspects of tourism, and proposed different patterns to evaluate sustainable tourism situation, [29] the significant issue is lack of a clear prospective view with respect to ecological matters, particularly water resources in underdeveloped countries that usually leads to destructive outcomes (Lukić, 2019) [11].…”