Radionuclide candidates for β+γ coincidence PET: An overview

Abstract

This paper summarizes the properties, applications and feasible production of all known radioisotopes that can be used in the novel β+γ coincidence PET technique. These radioisotopes include:

Prospects and Clinical Perspectives of Total-Body PET Imaging Using Plastic Scintillators

“…The value of sensitivity is given in arbitrary units, however the values in the left and right figures are shown in the same scale. 44 Sc or 82 Rb. The single-layer J-PET prototype with AFOV 5 50 cm weighs only approximately 60 kg.…”

“…[27][28][29] In the right panel only the results obtained for the total-body imaging (for source of L 5 200 cm) are shown. Calculations were performed assuming energy of the prompt gamma of 1157 keV as emitted by the 44 Sc isotope. 44 as well as the changes of interaction probability as a function of the angle under which the photon is entering the detector.…”

“…Calculations were performed assuming energy of the prompt gamma of 1157 keV as emitted by the 44 Sc isotope. 44 as well as the changes of interaction probability as a function of the angle under which the photon is entering the detector. The attenuation was estimated approximating the body with a water phantom of 20 cm diameter and 200 cm long.…”

“…37 This may include selection of double, triple and in general multicoincidence events. In particular it enables registration and identification of 2 (e 1 e À / 2g) and 3 photon (e 1 e À / 3g) annihilations, as well as prompt gamma emitted in case of some isotopes referred to as b 1 g emitters, such as for example, 10 C, 14 O, 22 Na, 34 Cl, 44 Sc, 48 V, 52 Mn, 55 Co, 60 Cu, 66 Ga, 69 Ge, 72 As, 76 Br, 82 Rb, 86 Y, 94 Tc, 110 In, 124 I. 44 Some examples of multiphoton events are shown pictorially in the right panel of Fig.…”

“…The daughter nucleus subsequently de-excites through emission of 1 or several gamma quanta. For example, in the case of Scandium the reaction chain is as follows: 44 Sc / 44 Ca* e 1 v / 44 Ca g e 1 v, where v denotes neutrino that escapes from the body undetected.…”