Radiologic proof for the Iceman's cause of death (ca. 5’300BP)

Pernter, Patrizia; Gostner, Paul; Vigl, Eduard Egarter; Rühli, Frank J

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.12.019

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…8). Pero, respecto a la reutilización y la recuperación de las flechas en época prehistórica, existen evidencias concretas en el excepcional hallazgo de la momia de Ötzi (Spindler, 1995: 181;Pernter et al, 2007), de modo que, teniendo en cuenta además el coste que conlleva la preparación de astiles y la fabricación de este tipo de proyectiles, no es aventurado suponer que fuese habitual la práctica de asaetear a varias presas o individuos con una misma flecha.…”

Section: Los Resultados De Las Prácticas De Tirounclassified

Experimentación con proyectiles de retoque plano y resultados de su análisis funcional

Martínez

2016

Zephyrvs

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Resumen: Un variado repertorio de construcciones de arquitectura monumental, localizadas en la cuenca alta y media del valle del Ebro, se han interpretado como tumbas colectivas de uso diacrónico a lo largo del iii milenio a. C. Numerosas son las puntas de flecha recuperadas en los depósitos de algunas de sus cámaras mortuorias. La mayor parte se registran entre los restos esqueléticos y unas pocas clavadas en huesos de algunos de los individuos inhumados. En este trabajo se pretende reconstruir su función como proyectiles mediante la experimentación y la traceología, con el fin de aproximarnos al significado de estas armas en contextos funerarios y tomando como referencia las colecciones de puntas procedentes de los dólmenes de Aizibita y Charracadía (valle del Salado, Navarra). El programa experimental desarrollado ha incluido la utilización de puntas de flecha de retoque plano, de diferentes morfologías, fabricadas en sílex y propulsadas con arco. Se ha llevado a cabo una sesión de tiro, durante la cual las réplicas se dispararon del modo más ajustado a la supuesta realidad prehistórica. Un posterior análisis traceológico ha permitido identificar estigmas de impacto de naturaleza macro-y microscópica. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se abordan cuestiones relativas a la efectividad, uso y vida útil de estos proyectiles líticos.Palabras clave: Arqueología experimental; análisis de huellas de uso; punta de flecha; sílex.Abstract: A varied repertoire of buildings of monumental architecture, which are located in the upper and middle basin of the Ebro valley, have been interpreted as collective graves of diachronic use along the iii millennium bc. Numerous arrowheads have been recovered in the filling deposits of some burial chambers. Most of them have been registered among the skeletal remains, but only very few of them were nailed in bones of certain buried individuals. The purpose of this work is to reconstruct its function as projectiles through experimentation and traceology, with the aim of approaching to the meaning of these weapons in funerary contexts, and taking the arrowheads collections from the dolmens of Aizibita and Charracadía (Salado valley, Navarre) as a reference. The experimental program developed has included the use of different morphologies of flint arrowheads of flat retouch which were propelled by bow. A session of shot has been carried out, during which the replicas were fired in the most adjusted way to the alleged prehistoric reality. A subsequent use-wear analysis has identified impact traces of macroscopic and microscopic nature. Issues relating to effectiveness, use and longevity of these lithic projectiles are addressed from the obtained results.

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Section: Los Resultados De Las Prácticas De Tirounclassified

Experimentación con proyectiles de retoque plano y resultados de su análisis funcional

Martínez

2016

Zephyrvs

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“…However, the fact that almost all of the checkpoints for the arteries were not present might be due to the limitations regarding the identifiability of these arteries on CT images rather than to the lack of preservation. With regard to the Iceman's cause of death, the left subclavian artery showed a laceration of the dorsal wall with subsequent development of a pseudoaneurysm [21]. In addition, the intact left subclavian vein as well as the right subclavian artery and vein could be identified [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to the Iceman's cause of death, the left subclavian artery showed a laceration of the dorsal wall with subsequent development of a pseudoaneurysm [21]. In addition, the intact left subclavian vein as well as the right subclavian artery and vein could be identified [21]. This means that the presetting of the checklist has led to the rather poor results for assessing the preservation of arteries in the Iceman.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to a detailed description of the preservation of bony and soft tissues, the authors documented anatomical variants, evidence of skeletal damage due to the glacial environment and also as a result of the recovery effort, evidence of health-related conditions, as well as his adaption to the environment. Other studies based on CT examinations have dealt with probable postmortem changes of the periarticular bone regions [17]; the body size, body proportions and mobility of the Tyrolean Iceman [18]; oral pathology [19] and his cause of death [20,21]. In 2011, new radiological insights into the life and death of the Iceman were published [12], presenting new findings such as three gallbladder stones, enthesopathies of the knees, and taphonomic changes in the form of radio-opaque objects superficially embedded within the soft tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies: Application to the Tyrolean Iceman

Panzer

Pernter

Piombino‐Mascali

et al. 2017

Fortschr Röntgenstr

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Purpose Soft tissues make a skeleton into a mummy and they allow for a diagnosis beyond osteology. Following the approach of structured reporting in clinical radiology, a recently developed checklist was used to evaluate the soft tissue preservation status of the Tyrolean Iceman using computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to apply the “Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies” to the Tyrolean Iceman, and to compare the Iceman’s soft tissue preservation score to the scores calculated for other mummies. Materials and Methods A whole-body (CT) (SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) consisting of five scans, performed in January 2013 in the Department of Radiodiagnostics, Central Hospital, Bolzano, was used (slice thickness 0.6 mm; kilovolt ranging from 80 to 140). For standardized evaluation the “CT Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in Human Mummies” was used. Results All checkpoints under category “A. Soft Tissues of Head and Musculoskeletal System” and more than half in category “B. Organs and Organ Systems” were observed. The scoring system accounted for a total score of 153 (out of 200). The comparison of the scores between the Iceman and three mummy collections from Vilnius, Lithuania, and Palermo, Sicily, as well as one Egyptian mummy resulted in overall higher soft tissue preservation scores for the Iceman. Conclusion Application of the checklist allowed for standardized assessment and documentation of the Iceman’s soft tissue preservation status. The scoring system allowed for a quantitative comparison between the Iceman and other mummies. The Iceman showed remarkable soft tissue preservation. Key Points Citation Format

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“…5250 Jahren in den Tiroler Bergen an einer Verletzung der A. subclavia durch eine Pfeilspitze ( [1]; . Abb.…”

Section: Verletzungen Herznaher Gefäße Durch Zentralvenöse Katheterunclassified

Verletzungen herznaher Gefäße durch zentralvenöse Katheter

Abram

Klocker

Innerhofer-Pompernigg

et al. 2016

Anaesthesist

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Radiologic proof for the Iceman's cause of death (ca. 5’300BP)

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Experimentación con proyectiles de retoque plano y resultados de su análisis funcional

Experimentación con proyectiles de retoque plano y resultados de su análisis funcional

Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies: Application to the Tyrolean Iceman

Verletzungen herznaher Gefäße durch zentralvenöse Katheter

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