Radioimmunoassay for Paraquat

Levitt, T.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91521-5

Cited by 41 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ELISA optimized by Koivunen et al () in combination with the urine pretreatment detected PQ levels as low as 2 µg/L in spiked urine samples. Other immunoassays, such as radioimmunoassay (Levitt, ; Fatori and Hunter, ; Bowles et al , ) and fluoroimmunoassay (Coxon et al , ) have also been reported for the quantification of PQ in biological matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature

Moreira

Pinho

Baltazar

et al. 2011

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide implicated in numerous fatalities, mainly caused by voluntary ingestion. Several methods have been used to quantify PQ in plasma and urine samples of intoxicated humans as a predictor of clinical outcome. There is no validated method for the analysis of PQ in postmortem samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an analytical method, using gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) after solid-phase extraction, to quantify PQ in postmortem samples, namely in whole blood, urine, liver, lung and kidney, to cover the routes of distribution, accumulation and elimination of PQ. The method proved to be selective as there were no interferences of endogenous compounds with the same retention time as PQ and ethyl paraquat (internal standard). The regression analysis for PQ was linear in the range 0-10 µg/mL. The detection limits ranged from 0.0076 µg/mL for urine to 0.047 µg/mL for whole blood, and the recoveries were suitable for forensic analysis. The proposed GC-IT/MS method provided an accurate and simple assay with adequate precision and recovery for the quantification of PQ in postmortem samples. The proof of applicability was performed in two fatal PQ intoxications. A review of the analytical methods for the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides is also provided for a better understanding of the presently available techniques.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature

Moreira

Pinho

Baltazar

et al. 2011

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The application of immunoassay methods to the analysis of pesticides has been treated in great detail by Hammock and Mumma (1980). Immunochemical methods have also been applied to the analysis of benomyl by Newsome and Shields (1981), diflubenzuron and BAY SIR 8514 by and , diclofopmethyl by Schwalbe et al (1984), paraquat by Levitt (1977Levitt ( , 1979 and Fatori and Hunter (1980), parathion by Ercegovich et al (1981) and Vallejo et al (1982), paraoxon by Hunter andLenz (1982), and 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T by Rinder and Fleeker (1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorsulfuron determination in soil extracts by enzyme immunoassay

Kelley¹,

Zahnow²,

Petersen³

et al. 1985

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This is supported by our preliminary analysis of the prognostic significance of plasma paraquat concentrations. Such determinations have become only recently available after the development by Levitt (1977) We propose that in man the paraquat-induced lung damage may be dose related. When small amounts of this chemical are swallowed and the initial plasma paraquat concentrations are low, there may either be no pulmonary damage or minimal changes associated with only a reduction in gas transfer factor, as in case 2, or with both a reduction in gas transfer factor and apparent pulmonary oedema as in case 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is supported by our preliminary analysis of the prognostic significance of plasma paraquat concentrations. Such determinations have become only recently available after the development by Levitt (1977) of a rapid and reproducible radioimmunoassay. There is a pronounced difference between concentrations found in fatal and non-fatal cases (see table).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition three patients (cases 3, 4, and 5) received charcoal haemoperfusion therapy (Vale et al, 1977). The urinary paraquat was detected colorimetrically (Widdop, 1976), and the plasma paraquat was estimated by radioimmunoassay (Levitt, 1977). Measurements of respiratory function were performed upon a Vitalograph and the gas transfer test machine (P K Morgan Ltd).…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Further clinical observations on the pulmonary effects of paraquat ingestion.

Higenbottam¹,

Crome²,

Parkinson³

et al. 1979

Thorax

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Five patients are reported who developed evidence of acute lung damage after proved ingestion of paraquat. In two the lung changes resolved; in one an aspiration pneumonia occurred, which was successfully treated, while two developed fatal pulmonary oedema. These pulmonary complications after paraquat intoxication appear more common than the progressive pulmonary fibrosis previously described. It is suggested that acute pulmonary oedema is a response to large doses, usually of Gramoxone, that subclinical lung changes result from small doses, usually of Weedol, and that pulmonary fibrosis occurs after intermediate doses.Preliminary data on plasma paraquat concentrations suggest that these are of value in prognosis.

show abstract

Radioimmunoassay for Paraquat

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature

Quantification of paraquat in postmortem samples by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and review of the literature

Chlorsulfuron determination in soil extracts by enzyme immunoassay

Further clinical observations on the pulmonary effects of paraquat ingestion.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About