Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology applied to the definition of underwater and subaerial coarse sediment movement

On the displacement of marked pebbles on two coarse-clastic beaches during short fair-weather periods (Marina di Pisa and Portonovo, Italy)

“…A previous study performed at Marina di Pisa (Barbarossa sector) also observed a prevalent onshore movement of sediment, but that investigation was performed after several storms in the course of 1 year (Bertoni and Sarti 2011). Other fieldwork carried out on the beaches of Marina di Pisa during 2-month-long experiments (Bertoni et al 2010(Bertoni et al , 2012a confirmed the predominance of onshore movement as opposed to offshore movement, but the dominant overall displacement was alongshore. Onshore displacement of sediment was also reported by Ellis and Cappietti (2013) during tests on a laboratory model of the Marina di Pisa gravel beaches simulating strong storms.…”

On the displacement of marked pebbles on two coarse-clastic beaches during short fair-weather periods (Marina di Pisa and Portonovo, Italy)

“…A previous study performed at Marina di Pisa (Barbarossa sector) also observed a prevalent onshore movement of sediment, but that investigation was performed after several storms in the course of 1 year (Bertoni and Sarti 2011). Other fieldwork carried out on the beaches of Marina di Pisa during 2-month-long experiments (Bertoni et al 2010(Bertoni et al , 2012a confirmed the predominance of onshore movement as opposed to offshore movement, but the dominant overall displacement was alongshore. Onshore displacement of sediment was also reported by Ellis and Cappietti (2013) during tests on a laboratory model of the Marina di Pisa gravel beaches simulating strong storms.…”

A wireless waterproof RFID reader for marine sediment localization and tracking

“…1. The effectiveness of this solution was proven both by laboratory tests and by an on-field tracking campaign carried out in 2009 in Marina di Pisa, Italy [10], [11]. This first experimentation was carried out to study the movements of 198 Smart Pebbles positioned on two different beaches: during the whole recovery campaign, carried out two months after the positioning date, the reader was able to detect the presence of the tagged pebbles both on the beach and under water, operating continuously for up to 4 hours at depths up to 2 meters.…”

Decadal‐scale gravel beach evolution on a tectonically‐uplifting coast: Wellington, New Zealand

“…Gravel beaches were initially hypothesised to be predominantly subaerial features (Kirk, ); however, recent studies of pebble movement indicate that sediment is exchanged between the beachface and shallow inshore areas dominated by wave swash such as the step or shallow low‐tide terrace (Bertoni et al ., ; Dickson et al ., ; Miller et al ., ). This means gravel transport is restricted to the narrow wave breaking zone at the toe of the beach and as a result longshore sediment transport can easily be interrupted by any structures on the beachface.…”

On the displacement of marked pebbles on two coarse-clastic beaches during short fair-weather periods (Marina di Pisa and Portonovo, Italy)

“…A previous study performed at Marina di Pisa (Barbarossa sector) also observed a prevalent onshore movement of sediment, but that investigation was performed after several storms in the course of 1 year (Bertoni and Sarti 2011). Other fieldwork carried out on the beaches of Marina di Pisa during 2-month-long experiments (Bertoni et al 2010(Bertoni et al , 2012a confirmed the predominance of onshore movement as opposed to offshore movement, but the dominant overall displacement was alongshore. Onshore displacement of sediment was also reported by Ellis and Cappietti (2013) during tests on a laboratory model of the Marina di Pisa gravel beaches simulating strong storms.…”

A wireless waterproof RFID reader for marine sediment localization and tracking

“…1. The effectiveness of this solution was proven both by laboratory tests and by an on-field tracking campaign carried out in 2009 in Marina di Pisa, Italy [10], [11]. This first experimentation was carried out to study the movements of 198 Smart Pebbles positioned on two different beaches: during the whole recovery campaign, carried out two months after the positioning date, the reader was able to detect the presence of the tagged pebbles both on the beach and under water, operating continuously for up to 4 hours at depths up to 2 meters.…”

Decadal‐scale gravel beach evolution on a tectonically‐uplifting coast: Wellington, New Zealand

“…Gravel beaches were initially hypothesised to be predominantly subaerial features (Kirk, ); however, recent studies of pebble movement indicate that sediment is exchanged between the beachface and shallow inshore areas dominated by wave swash such as the step or shallow low‐tide terrace (Bertoni et al ., ; Dickson et al ., ; Miller et al ., ). This means gravel transport is restricted to the narrow wave breaking zone at the toe of the beach and as a result longshore sediment transport can easily be interrupted by any structures on the beachface.…”

On the displacement of marked pebbles on two coarse-clastic beaches during short fair-weather periods (Marina di Pisa and Portonovo, Italy)

“…A previous study performed at Marina di Pisa (Barbarossa sector) also observed a prevalent onshore movement of sediment, but that investigation was performed after several storms in the course of 1 year (Bertoni and Sarti 2011). Other fieldwork carried out on the beaches of Marina di Pisa during 2-month-long experiments (Bertoni et al 2010(Bertoni et al , 2012a confirmed the predominance of onshore movement as opposed to offshore movement, but the dominant overall displacement was alongshore. Onshore displacement of sediment was also reported by Ellis and Cappietti (2013) during tests on a laboratory model of the Marina di Pisa gravel beaches simulating strong storms.…”

A wireless waterproof RFID reader for marine sediment localization and tracking

“…1. The effectiveness of this solution was proven both by laboratory tests and by an on-field tracking campaign carried out in 2009 in Marina di Pisa, Italy [10], [11]. This first experimentation was carried out to study the movements of 198 Smart Pebbles positioned on two different beaches: during the whole recovery campaign, carried out two months after the positioning date, the reader was able to detect the presence of the tagged pebbles both on the beach and under water, operating continuously for up to 4 hours at depths up to 2 meters.…”

Decadal‐scale gravel beach evolution on a tectonically‐uplifting coast: Wellington, New Zealand

“…Gravel beaches were initially hypothesised to be predominantly subaerial features (Kirk, ); however, recent studies of pebble movement indicate that sediment is exchanged between the beachface and shallow inshore areas dominated by wave swash such as the step or shallow low‐tide terrace (Bertoni et al ., ; Dickson et al ., ; Miller et al ., ). This means gravel transport is restricted to the narrow wave breaking zone at the toe of the beach and as a result longshore sediment transport can easily be interrupted by any structures on the beachface.…”