Radiation-induced changes in the central nervous system and head and neck.

Rabin, Barry M.; Meyer, Jacob; Berlin, Jonathan W.; Marymount, M.; Palka, Peter; Russell, Eric J.

doi:10.1148/radiographics.16.5.8888390

Cited by 118 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Short latency periods between irradiation and appearance of black dots have been reported in previous studies 2,9 . It should be noted, that in one of our patients this latency was only four months suggesting that vascular injury may occur in the early post radiation period and not be restricted to delayed effects.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Radiation to the brain produces acute (during or shortly after radiation), early delayed (a few weeks to a few months post radiation), and late delayed changes (from several months to years after exposure) 1 . Common delayed effects of irradiation include diffuse white matter necrosis, focal or diffuse demyelination, reactive astrocytosis, brain atrophy, dystrophic mineralization, and radiation-induced vasculopathy 2 . Smallvessel injury is a prominent feature of delayed injury and different studies have shown that radiation can induce formation of capillary telangiectasias and cavernomas as a manifestation of vascular injury [3][4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain Radiation-Related Black Dots on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

et al. 2014

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Radiation-Related Black Dots on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

et al. 2014

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“…While most radiation-induced damage to DNA is repaired by mechanisms within the cell, double-strand breaks are more difficult to repair, and occasional misrepair can result in point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene fusions, all of which have the potential for induction of cancer. 10 Radiation-induced changes to neural tissue are now known to include visual deterioration, hearing loss, hormonal disturbances, vasculopathy, brain and bone necrosis, atrophy, demyelination, calcification, fatty replacement of bone marrow, and induction of central nervous system neoplasms, 3,55 and are increasingly evident radiologically. 55 A dose effect has been documented for many changes, including tumor induction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced meningioma

Umansky¹,

Shoshan²,

Rosenthal³

et al. 2008

FOC

171

148

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✓ The long-term or delayed side effects of irradiation on neural tissue are now known to include the induction of new central nervous system neoplasms. However, during the first half of the 20th century, human neural tissue was generally considered relatively resistant to the carcinogenic and other ill effects of ionizing radiation. As a result, exposure to relatively high doses of x-rays from diagnostic examinations and therapeutic treatment was common. In the present article the authors review the literature relating to radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs). Emphasis is placed on meningiomas resulting from childhood treatment for primary brain tumor or tinea capitis, exposure to dental x-rays, and exposure to atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incidence and natural history of RIMs following exposure to high- and low-dose radiation is presented, including latency, multiplicity, histopathological features, and recurrence rates. The authors review the typical presentation of patients with RIMs and discuss unique aspects of the surgical management of these tumors compared with sporadic meningioma, based on their clinical experience in treating these lesions.

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“…Radiation therapy is a highly effective treatment for pineal tumors but it may lead to several complications such as focal brain necrosis, diffuse white matter injury, brain atrophy, mineralizing microangiopathy, telangiectasias, optic neuropathy, and large artery vasculopathy [3]. Complications of cranial radiation can be classified into three categories based on the timing after exposure to the radiation; acute complication, early delayed complication, and late complication [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complications of cranial radiation can be classified into three categories based on the timing after exposure to the radiation; acute complication, early delayed complication, and late complication [3]. Vascular injury including large and small vasculopathy related to radiation usually occurs as a delayed complication [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Induced Cerebral Micro bleeds

Roongpiboonsopit¹

2014

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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A 29 year-old Thai female presented with a right-sided headache for 3 days prior to hospital admission. The patient complained of severe pain and upon examination, pain was found to be localized only on the right parietal area. Initially diagnosed as a migraine headache, the pain gradually improved with simple analgesics. She had neither history of head trauma, hypertension, diabetes, psychiatric problems, nor family history of Alzheimer's disease. Seven years earlier at the age of 22 years, the patient presented with progressive headaches with nausea and vomiting followed by generalized tonic clonic seizures. The neurological examination at that time showed bilateral papilledema. Initial computed tomography (CT) scan (Figure 1) of the brain revealed a pineal region tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was not performed at the initial diagnosis. Right occipital transtentorial craniectomy with near total tumor removal and ventriculo peritoneal shunt placement were performed. The pathological finding of the tumor was reported to be pineal parenchymal tumor grade III/IV based on the currently proposed system or pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (gr III or IV) according to WHO classification [1,2]. She received 30 Fractions of whole brain irradiation with 6 cycles of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and vincristine). The radiation dose ranged from 42 to 90 cGy per dose of each radiation site (total dose 36 Gy of whole brain irradiation with booster at tumor base up to 54 Gy). She received her first MRI 5 months after the last dose of radiation which showed only a few cerebral micro bleeds (CMBs) in the subcortical white matter of the left cerebral hemisphere. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the brain was normal and there was no evidence of cerebral infarction. Serial MRI of the brain was performed at 5 years after the cranial radiation and showed a markedly increase in number of CMBs ( At the last presentation, both her general physical and neurological examinations were normal. MRI of the brain demonstrated sub-acute brain infarction at the head and body of the right caudate nucleus and globus palledus. There was also a small focal sub-acute hemorrhage at deep white matter of the right parietal lobe. An interval increase in number of micro hemorrhages in subcortical and deep white matters of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and brain stem were noted. MRA of the brain revealed a mild irregular luminal narrowing at distal M1 segment of the right MCA.

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Radiation-induced changes in the central nervous system and head and neck.

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Brain Radiation-Related Black Dots on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

Brain Radiation-Related Black Dots on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

Radiation-induced meningioma

Radiation-Induced Cerebral Micro bleeds

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