Radiation from an equilibrium CO<sub>2</sub>–N<sub>2</sub>plasma in the [250–850 nm] spectral region: I. Experiment

Vacher, Damien; Silva, M. Lino da; André, Pascal; Faure, Géraldine; Dudeck, Michel

doi:10.1088/0963-0252/17/3/035012

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The interest on CO 2 plasma, however, has a long history starting from the 1960s with a wide variety of applications, ranging from CO 2 lasers [18], to astrophysical observations [19,20], surface treatment processes on carbon-containing substrates [21][22][23][24][25][26] and polymer deposition [27][28][29], or the design of spacecraft shields for planetary atmosphere entry [30,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Recently, also the possibility of in situ oxygen production from the CO 2 present locally in the atmosphere is being developed for futuristic human mission to Mars [2,[37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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Numerous applications have required the study of CO2 plasmas since the 1960s, from CO2 lasers to spacecraft heat shields. However, in recent years, intense research activities on the subject have restarted because of environmental problems associated with CO2 emissions. The present review provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on the physical chemistry of cold CO2 plasmas. In particular, the different modeling approaches implemented to address specific aspects of CO2 plasmas are presented. Throughout the paper, the importance of conducting joint experimental, theoretical and modeling studies to elucidate the complex couplings at play in CO2 plasmas is emphasized. Therefore, the experimental data that are likely to bring relevant constraints to the different modeling approaches are first reviewed. Second, the calculation of some key elementary processes obtained with semi-empirical, classical and quantum methods is presented. In order to describe the electron kinetics, the latest coherent sets of cross section satisfying the constraints of "electron swarm" analyses are introduced, and the need for self-consistent calculations for determining accurate electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is evidenced. The main findings of the latest zero-dimensional (0D) global models about the complex chemistry of CO2 and its dissociation products in different plasma discharges are then given, and full state-to-state (STS) models of only the vibrational-dissociation kinetics developed for studies of spacecraft shields are described. Finally, two important points for all applications using CO2 containing plasma are discussed: the role of surfaces in contact with the plasma, and the need for 2D/3D models to capture the main features of complex reactor geometries including effects induced by fluid dynamics on the plasma properties. In addition to bringing together the latest advances in the description of CO2 non-equilibrium plasmas, the results presented here also highlight the fundamental data that are still missing and the possible routes that still need to be investigated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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“…By adding a small amount of nitrogen, one can observe a strong decrease of the Swan band emission intensity while the CN violet system increase drastically. Vacher, Lino da Silva et al [87,88] studied also the effect of adding N 2 to a CO 2 inductively coupled atmospheric pressure plasma and observed similar trends. Such behavior was also seen by other authors in microwave plasmas and low and atmospheric pressure [89,90].…”

Section: Comparison With the Cn Violet Systemmentioning

confidence: 78%

Analysis of the C$_2$ (d$^3Π_g$-a$^3Π_u$) Swan bands as a thermometric probe in CO$_2$ microwave plasmas

Carbone,

D'Isa,

Hecimovic

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…1 entry trajectories of successful Mars missions are shown, adapted from literature, [5][6][7][8] together with test conditions available in ground testing facilities (mostly ICP, not all CO 2 ). [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The data in Fig. 1 shows the regions of interest for pressure, enthalpy and velocity that are to be simulated in the ground testing facility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerothermodynamic Investigation of Inductively Heated CO2 Plasma Flows for Mars Entry Testing

Marynowski

Löhle

Zander

et al. 2014

45th AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference

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This paper presents the characterization of an inductively coupled CO2 plasma relevant for Mars entry. Key plasma parameters are measured using Two Photon Absorption LaserInduced Fluorescence (TALIF), Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and a High-Speed Camera (HSC) as non-intrusive diagnostic methods. In addition heat flux, enthalpy and total pressure are intrusively probed to supplement the characterization. TALIF provides data about translational temperature, velocity and the density of ground state atomic oxygen. From OES rotational and vibrational temperatures for identified molecular species and excitation temperatures for atomic species are derived. Preliminary HSC results show the pulsing behaviour of the generator and, in combination with bandwidth filters, atomic emission distributions. The diversity of the applied measurement techniques offers an extensive characterization of the flow, hence enabling the identification of suitable test conditions for the early stages of Martian entries. Nomenclature A = Einstein coefficient B = mass addition factor c = speed of light D = experimental coefficient E L = laser Energy f = oscillation circuit frequency g = degeneracy g(∆ω) = line profile h = mass specific enthalpȳ hω = excitation energy I = current K = gas specific constant k = Boltzmann constanṫ m CO2 = CO 2 mass flow M = molar mass n = number density N A = Avogadro constant P el = electrical power p amb = ambient tank pressure Q = quenching coefficient R ef f = effective nose radius St = Stanton numbeṙ q = mass specific heat flux S = fluorescence signal T tr = translational temperature U = voltage v = velocity η = transmissivity/quantum efficiency factor Θ = laser incident angle λ = wavelength ν = laser excitation frequency ρ = density σ (2)= absorption cross section

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Radiation from an equilibrium CO₂–N₂plasma in the [250–850 nm] spectral region: I. Experiment

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Analysis of the C$_2$ (d$^3Π_g$-a$^3Π_u$) Swan bands as a thermometric probe in CO$_2$ microwave plasmas

Aerothermodynamic Investigation of Inductively Heated CO2 Plasma Flows for Mars Entry Testing

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Radiation from an equilibrium CO2–N2plasma in the [250–850 nm] spectral region: I. Experiment

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

Analysis of the C$_2$ (d$^3Π_g$-a$^3Π_u$) Swan bands as a thermometric probe in CO$_2$ microwave plasmas

Aerothermodynamic Investigation of Inductively Heated CO2 Plasma Flows for Mars Entry Testing

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Radiation from an equilibrium CO₂–N₂plasma in the [250–850 nm] spectral region: I. Experiment