Radiation doses to patients during selected CT procedures at four hospitals in Tanzania

Muhogora, W.E.; Nyanda, A.M.; Ngoye, Wilson Maliyatabu; Shao, Didas

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.08.003

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The selection of appropriate scanning parameters such as tube current-time, tube potential, slice collimation and etc, which affects the CTDI v , and the scan length, which affects the DLP, can decrease patients' doses significantly. In Table 4 our calculated effective doses obtained for every CT protocol are also compared with the similar protocols reported [7,8,21,28] for other countries. From the data presented in this table, it can be noted that our effective doses for the head, chest, pelvis and abdomen-pelvis scan are less than other reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective and organ doses from common CT examinations in one general hospital in Tehran, Iran

Khoramian

Hashemi

2017

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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Purpose: It is well known that the main portion of artificial sources of ionizing radiation to human results from X-ray imaging techniques. However, reports carried out in various countries have indicated that most of their cumulative doses from artificial sources are due to CT examinations. Hence assessing doses resulted from CT examinations is highly recommended by national and international radiation protection agencies. The aim of this research has been to estimate the effective and organ doses in an average human according to 103 and 60 ICRP tissue weighting factor for six common protocols of Multi-Detector CT (MDCT) machine in a comprehensive training general hospital in Tehran/Iran. Methods: To calculate the patients' effective dose, the CT-Expo2.2 software was used. Organs/tissues and effective doses were determined for about 20 patients (totally 122 patients) for every one of six typical CT protocols of the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis, pelvis and spine exams. In addition, the CT dosimetry index (CTDI) was measured in the standard 16 and 32 cm phantoms by using a calibrated pencil ionization chamber for the six protocols and by taking the average value of CT scan parameters used in the hospital compared with the CTDI values displayed on the console device of the machine. Results: The values of the effective dose based on the ICRP 103 tissue weighting factor were: 0.6, 2.0, 3.2, 4.2, 2.8, and 3.9 mSv and based on the ICRP 60 tissue weighting factor were: 0.9, 1.4, 3, 7.9, 4.8 and 5.1 mSv for the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis, pelvis, spine CT exams respectively. Relative differences between those values were -22, 21, 23, -6, -31 and 16 percent for the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis, pelvis, spine CT exams, respectively. The average value of CTDI v calculated for each protocol was: 27.32 ± 0.9, 18.08 ± 2.0, 7.36 ± 2.6, 8.84 ± 1.7, 9.13 ± 1.5, 10.42 ± 0.8 mGy for the head, neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis and spine CT exams, respectively. Conclusions: The highest organ doses delivered by various CT exams were received by brain (15.5 mSv), thyroid (19.00 mSv), lungs (9.3 mSv) and bladder (9.9 mSv), bladder (10.4 mSv), stomach (10.9 mSv) in the head, neck, chest, and the abdomen-pelvis, pelvis, and spine respectively. Except the neck and spine CT exams showing a higher effective dose compared to that reported in Netherlands, other exams indicated lower values compared to those reported by any other country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective and organ doses from common CT examinations in one general hospital in Tehran, Iran

Khoramian

Hashemi

2017

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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“…Lack of radiographers' awareness of radiation dose and protocols has been shown in a study aimed at evaluating the knowledge of paediatric CT radiation among Saudi Arabia radiographers to be the cause of differences between doses delivered among Australian and Saudi hospitals (9) . It has been found that understanding the factors affecting patient radiation doses in CT has a great impact on dose delivery and is usually considered as the first step in optimisation strategies (25) . International guidelines promoted by the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) (10) , The National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements in the USA (13) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) at the European level (21) focus on the importance of protecting patients from high radiation doses from CT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of diagnostic reference levels for CT trunk examinations in the western region of Saudi Arabia

Qurashi

Rainford

Foley

2014

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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“…Th is result confl icts with the earlier fi nding that a higher proportion of Saudi Arabians were able to inform parents and caregivers regarding radiation risks, suggesting that while Saudi Arabian radiographers explain radiation risks to parents or caregivers, they do not fully understand this concept. Minimising radiation exposure is best achieved through continuing education, as suggested by Muhogora, et al 7 and other authors.…”

Section: Beliefs About Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Overall, Australian radiographers participate in training and education signifi cantly more frequently than Saudi Arabian respondents; this fi nding may explain the apparent diff erence in the knowledge of radiographers in the two countries. Training and establishment of protocols are core components in improving the knowledge base of radiographers, 7 and the information about factors aff ecting dose in CT contained in protocols may help radiographers to intervene to reduce doses. Th e more frequent training and education received by Australian radiographers may be inferred to be a determining factor in their higher rates of dose intervention action and understanding of risk of cancer.…”

Section: Continuing Education and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Knowledge of dose levels enhances understanding of the factors that aff ect patient doses in CT and is usually considered the fi rst step in optimisation strategies. 7 Mettler pointed out that radiographers' basic education and training overlooks paediatric CT radiation doses. 34 Th e IAEA recommends education and training of radiographers involved in paediatric CT. 26 A recent survey of health professionals in Northern Ireland about awareness of the radiation doses imparted during common diagnostic imaging procedures and their long term impact on patients demonstrated a knowledge gap which could be improved with appropriate training.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differences between Saudi Arabian and Australian radiographers' knowledge and attitudes about paediatric CT doses

et al. 2011

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Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) is used extensively in diagnostic radiology for examination of human soft tissues and is widely used in the paediatric population. Researchers and government regulators have expressed concerns about the cancer risk of CT radiation on children. The authors surveyed Saudi Arabian and Australian radiographers to enable comparison of their attitudes and knowledge towards paediatric CT radiation dose. Methods: Radiographers from all exclusively paediatric public hospitals in Australia and Saudi Arabia were sent a structured, purpose‐designed questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate statistics. Results: 56 of 71 eligible Saudi Arabian radiographers (79%) and 50 of 83 Australian radiographers (60%) participated. Australian participants were more highly educated and had longer work experience than their Saudi counterparts, and undertook most forms of ongoing training and education significantly more frequently. Australians' mean ratings of radiation risk for head and chest CT scans were similar to those given by Saudi respondents, but Australians' mean ratings for abdomen/pelvis CT scans were significantly lower. More Australians reported intervening to reduce paediatric dose (95.7% vs 72.7%, P < 0.005), and 88.0% believed that over 60% of CT scans are justified compared with 8.9% of Saudi participants. Conclusion: Australian and Saudi Arabian radiographers working in paediatric hospitals differ in their knowledge bases. Knowledge can be improved through enhancement of hospital protocols and continuing education and training, and will lead to reduced radiation exposure among paediatric patients.

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Radiation doses to patients during selected CT procedures at four hospitals in Tanzania

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Effective and organ doses from common CT examinations in one general hospital in Tehran, Iran

Effective and organ doses from common CT examinations in one general hospital in Tehran, Iran

Establishment of diagnostic reference levels for CT trunk examinations in the western region of Saudi Arabia

Differences between Saudi Arabian and Australian radiographers' knowledge and attitudes about paediatric CT doses

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