Radar-Enabled Recovery of the Sutter’s Mill Meteorite, a Carbonaceous Chondrite Regolith Breccia

Jenniskens, Peter; Fries, M.; Yin, Qing‐Zhu; Zolensky, M. E.; Krot, Alexander N.; Sandford, Scott A.; Sears, D. W. G.; Beauford, R. E.; Ebel, D. S.; Friedrich, J. M.; Nagashima, K.; Wimpenny, Josh; Yamakawa, Akane; Nishiizumi, K.; Hamajima, Yasunori; Caffee, Marc W.; Welten, K. C.; Laubenstein, M.; Davis, A. M.; Simon, S. B.; Heck, Philipp R.; Young, Edward; Kohl, I. E.; Thiemens, M. H.; Nunn, M.; Mikouchi, T.; Hagiya, Kenji; Ohsumi, Kazumasa; Cahill, Thomas A.; Lawton, Jonathan A.; Barnes, David; Steele, A.; Rochette, P.; Verosub, Kenneth L.; Gattacceca, J.; Cooper, George; Glavin, Daniel P.; Burton, Aaron S.; Dworkin, Jason P.; Elsila, Jamie E.; Pizzarello, Sandra; Ogliore, R. C.; Schmitt‐Kopplin, Philippe; Harir, Mourad; Hertkorn, Norbert; Verchovsky, A. B.; Grady, M. M.; Nagao, Keisuke; Okazaki, Ryuji; Takechi, Hiroyuki; Hiroi, T.; Smith, Ken; Silber, E. A.; Brown, Peter; Albers, Jim; Klotz, Doug; Hankey, Mike; Matson, R.; Fries, Jeffrey; Walker, Richard J.; Puchtel, I. S.; Lee, Cin-Ty A.; Erdman, Monica E.; Eppich, Gary R.; Roeske, Sarah M.; Gabélica, Z.; Lerche, M.; Nuevo, Michel; Girten, B.; Worden, S. P.

doi:10.1126/science.1227163

Cited by 197 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…All objects were initially very large in size and showed features indicating very fragile structure (early fragmentation, high end heights). The very similar orbits of Maribo and Sutter's Mill suggest common and relatively recent origin (Jenniskens et al, 2012). The entry velocities of these meteorite falls are around 28 km/s, which is also the average speed of Taurid meteors, and very close to the cut-off velocity suggested by modeling for meteorite production (ReVelle, 1979).…”

Section: Dynamic Pressuresupporting

confidence: 65%

Spectra and physical properties of Taurid meteoroids

Matlovič

Tóth

Rudawska

et al. 2017

Planetary and Space Science

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Taurids are an extensive stream of particles produced by comet 2P/Encke, which can be observed mainly in October and November as a series of meteor showers rich in bright fireballs. Several near-Earth asteroids have also been linked with the meteoroid complex, and recently the orbits of two carbonaceous meteorites were proposed to be related to the stream, raising interesting questions about the origin of the complex and the composition of 2P/Encke. Our aim is to investigate the nature and diversity of Taurid meteoroids by studying their spectral, orbital, and physical properties determined from video meteor observations. Here we analyze 33 Taurid meteor spectra captured during the predicted outburst in November 2015 by stations in Slovakia and Chile, including 14 multi-station observations for which the orbital elements, material strength parameters, dynamic pressures, and mineralogical densities were determined. It was found that while orbits of the 2015 Taurids show similarities with several associated asteroids, the obtained spectral and physical characteristics point towards cometary origin with highly heterogeneous content. Observed spectra exhibited large dispersion of iron content and significant Na intensity in all cases. The determined material strengths are typically cometary in the K B classification, while P E criterion is on average close to values characteristic for carbonaceous bodies. The studied meteoroids were found to break up under low dynamic pressures of 0.02 -0.10 MPa, and were characterized by low mineralogical densities of 1.3 -2.5 g cm -3 . The widest spectral classification of Taurid meteors to date is presented.

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Section: Dynamic Pressuresupporting

confidence: 65%

Spectra and physical properties of Taurid meteoroids

Matlovič

Tóth

Rudawska

et al. 2017

Planetary and Space Science

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“…Although Maribo is too small to have a reflectance spectrum measured (a destructive process), a sufficient number of samples were collected of Sutter's Mill, and a spectrum covering the 0.3 -5 µm range is available (Jenniskens et al 2012a, their Fig. S8).…”

Section: Results: 2p/encke and CM Chondritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2P/Encke, the Taurid complex NEOs and the Maribo and Sutter’s Mill meteorites

Tubiana

Snodgrass

Michelsen

et al. 2015

A&A

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Aims. 2P/Encke is a short period comet that was discovered in 1786 and has been extensively observed and studied for more than 200 years. The Taurid meteoroid stream has long been linked with 2P/Encke owing to a good match of their orbital elements, even though the comet's activity is not strong enough to explain the number of observed meteors. Various small near-Earth objects (NEOs) have been discovered with orbits that can be linked to 2P/Encke and the Taurid meteoroid stream. Maribo and Sutter's Mill are CM type carbonaceous chondrite that fell in Denmark on January 17, 2009 and April 22, 2012, respectively. Their pre-atmospheric orbits place them in the middle of the Taurid meteoroid stream, which raises the intriguing possibility that comet 2P/Encke could be the parent body of CM chondrites. Methods. To investigate whether a relationship between comet 2P/Encke, the Taurid complex associated NEOs, and CM chondrites exists, we performed photometric and spectroscopic studies of these objects in the visible wavelength range. We observed 2P/Encke and 10 NEOs on August 2, 2011 with the FORS instrument at the 8.2 m Very Large Telescope on Cerro Paranal (Chile). Results. Images in the R filter, used to investigate the possible presence of cometary activity around the nucleus of 2P/Encke and the NEOs, show that no resolved coma is present. None of the FORS spectra show the 700 nm absorption feature due to hydrated minerals that is seen in the CM chondrite meteorites. All objects show featureless spectra with moderate reddening slopes at λ < 800 nm. Apart for 2003 QC 10 and 1999 VT 25 , which show a flatter spectrum, the spectral slope of the observed NEOs is compatible with that of 2P/Encke. However, most of the NEOs show evidence of a silicate absorption in lower S/N data at λ > 800 nm, which is not seen in 2P/Encke, which suggests that they are not related. Conclusions. Despite similar orbits, we find no spectroscopic evidence for a link between 2P/Encke, the Taurid complex NEOs and the Maribo and Sutter's Mill meteorites. However, we cannot rule out a connection to the meteorites either, as the spectral differences may be caused by secondary alteration of the surfaces of the NEOs.

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“…helyabinsk Oblast experienced an impact that was 100 times more energetic than the recent 4 kT of TNT-equivalent Sutter's Mill meteorite fall (1). This was the biggest impact over land since the poorly observed Tunguska impact in 1908, for which kinetic energy estimates range from 3 to 5 (2) to 10 to 50 MT (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelyabinsk Airburst, Damage Assessment, Meteorite Recovery, and Characterization

Попова¹,

Jenniskens²,

Emel’yanenko³

et al. 2013

Science

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Deep Impact? On 15 February 2013, the Russian district of Chelyabinsk, with a population of more than 1 million, suffered the impact and atmospheric explosion of a 20-meter-wide asteroid—the largest impact on Earth by an asteroid since 1908. Popova et al. (p. 1069 , published online 7 November; see the Perspective by Chapman ) provide a comprehensive description of this event and of the body that caused it, including detailed information on the asteroid orbit and atmospheric trajectory, damage assessment, and meteorite recovery and characterization.

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Radar-Enabled Recovery of the Sutter’s Mill Meteorite, a Carbonaceous Chondrite Regolith Breccia

Cited by 197 publications

References 86 publications

Spectra and physical properties of Taurid meteoroids

Spectra and physical properties of Taurid meteoroids

2P/Encke, the Taurid complex NEOs and the Maribo and Sutter’s Mill meteorites

Chelyabinsk Airburst, Damage Assessment, Meteorite Recovery, and Characterization

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