“…Rather than conceptualizing race and ethnicity as a ‘risk factor’, which runs the risk of classifying the issue as biologic, economic, or cultural and potentially places blame on individuals within a group, commentators have suggested looking at ‘racism, not race’ at intrapersonal, institutional, and structural levels. 175 Racial and ethnic discrimination exists in many forms, having been studied across many racial groups, 44 , 179 – 182 in forms ranging from childhood racial discrimination, everyday discrimination, and major discriminatory events (i.e., infrequent incidents that require a significant shift or adjustment in one’s life). 44 , 182 A 2015 meta-analysis found racism to have a deleterious effect on physical and mental health, 183 and racial discrimination has been associated with a two-fold risk for reporting one 12-month psychiatric disorder, and three-fold risk for reporting two or more psychiatric disorders.…”