Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Behavioral Determinants of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in the United States: Analyzing Independent and Joint Associations

Singh, Gopal K.; Kogan, Michael D.; Dyck, Peter C. van; Siahpush, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.05.001

Cited by 310 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, a high parental education did not protect against the negative impact of high media consumption. This finding is in line with the study of Singh et al (15) in which the association between obesity and TV viewing and physical activity was more pronounced in children of higher SES groups. Thus, reduction of media time should be a target of obesity treatment programmes in children and adolescents of obese mothers and of families from middle and high social status.…”

Section: Determinants Of Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These studies have investigated the influence of lifestyle determinants on childhood overweight (e.g. lifestyle factors (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) ), but only few studies have addressed familial, social and lifestyle factors together (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) . In these cross-sectional studies, parental obesity, low socio-economic status (SES), high weight gain during infancy and television (TV) viewing were found as main determinants of prevalence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

Plachta-Danielzik

Landsberg

Johannsen

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To systematically analyse determinants of overweight prevalence and incidence in children and adolescents, as a basis of treatment and prevention. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Setting: Schools in Kiel, Germany. Subjects: Cross-sectional data from 6249 students aged 5-16 years and 4-year longitudinal data from 1087 children aged 5-11 years. Weight status of students was assessed and familial factors (weight status of parents and siblings, smoking habits), social factors (socio-economic status, nationality, single parenting), birth weight as well as lifestyle variables (physical activity, media time, nutrition) were considered as independent variables in multivariate logistic regression analyses to predict the likelihood of the student being overweight. Results: The cross-sectional data revealed the prevalence of overweight as 18?3 % in boys and 19?2 % in girls. In both sexes determinants of overweight prevalence were overweight and obese parents, overweight siblings, parental smoking, single parenthood and non-German nationality. High birth weight and low physical activity additionally increased the risk in boys. High media time and low parental education were significant determinants in girls. Effect of media time was mediated by maternal weight status in boys as well as by socio-economic status and age in girls. From the longitudinal data, the 4-year cumulative incidence of overweight was 10?0 % in boys and 8?2 % in girls. Parental obesity, parental smoking and low physical activity were determinants of overweight incidence in boys, whereas paternal obesity increased the risk in girls.Conclusions: Treatment and prevention should address family and social determinants with a focus on physical activity and media use.Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge. At present there is a lack of convincing evidence about suitable and effective strategies for the prevention of childhood overweight. Recently, an obesity prevention evidence framework has been proposed (1) . Key policies include: (i) building a case for action on obesity; (ii) identifying contributing factors and points of intervention; (iii) defining opportunities for action; (iv) evaluating potential interventions; and (v) selecting a portfolio of specific policies, programmes and actions. Therefore, a systematic analysis of determinants of overweight in the micro-as well as the macro-environment is necessary to provide a sound basis for developing strategies against overweight. The systematic analysis should include an analysis of the determinants of overweight prevalence as well as overweight incidence, separately. Childhood overweight (and not only obesity) is predictive for adult morbidity and mortality (2) . In addition, the life-long persistence and health consequences of overweight and obesity in many children suggest a strong need for the prevention of overweight (2) . Primary prevention strategies address the whole population, in particular normalweight sub...

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Section: Determinants Of Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

Plachta-Danielzik

Landsberg

Johannsen

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Other studies reported in the literature have shown similar conflicting results. [53][54][55] Psychosocial Stress Psychosocial stress has been identified as a possible factor contributing to childhood obesity. Psychosocial stress may result from a child's school, family, or other interpersonal environments they encounter daily.…”

Section: Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

Lichtveld

Thomas

Tulve

2017

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Childhood obesity in the United States has doubled over the last three decades and currently affects 17% of children and adolescents. While much research has focused on individual behaviors impacting obesity, little research has emphasized the complex interactions of numerous chemical and non-chemical stressors found in a child's environment and how these interactions affect a child's health and well-being. The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to (1) identify potential chemical stressors in the context of non-chemical stressors that impact childhood obesity; and, (2) summarize our observations for chemical and non-chemical stressors in regards to child-specific environments within a community setting. A review was conducted to identify chemical and non-chemical stressors related to childhood obesity for the childhood life stages ranging from prenatal to adolescence. Stressors were identified and grouped into domains: individual behaviors, family/household behaviors, community stressors, and chemical exposures. Stressors were related to the child and the child's everyday environments and used to characterize child health and well-being. This review suggests that the interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors are important for understanding a child's overall health and well-being. By considering these relationships, the exposure science research community can better design and implement strategies to reduce childhood obesity.

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“…A study that analyzed data from 46,707 children aged 10-17 in the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health investigated the independent and joint effects of race/ethnicity, poverty status, television viewing, and physical activity as predictors of adolescent obesity (Singh et al, 2008). Results showed that income effects were larger for Hispanics than non-Hispanic whites.…”

Section: Racial and Socioeconomic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study demonstrated that those below the poverty threshold were 2.8 times as likely to be obese compared to children (aged 10-17) with family incomes exceeding 400% of the poverty threshold (Singh, Kogan, Van Dyck, & Siahpush, 2008). This study (of 46,707 adolescents in the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health) also noted that the obesity prevalence tended to be significantly higher among children from single-parent households and non-English speaking households, from non-metropolitan areas, and from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds (Singh et al, 2008).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multicultural Nutrition and Culinary Intervention for Middle School Students: Pink and Dude Chefs, Phase 2

Lockhart¹

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The prevalence of adolescent obesity in the United States has more than quadrupled in the past 30 years, growing from 5% to nearly 21% in 12-19 year olds. Although obesity has many interrelated causes, a lack of knowledge and practical skill to prepare healthy food from scratch is an important factor. Research indicates that nutrition and culinary interventions based on behavioral change theories may improve mediators of healthful eating in adolescents. Pink and Dude Chefs, Phase 2, an eight-week after-school nutrition and culinary intervention targeted towards middle school students in a predominantly low-income, Hispanic community, was developed and evaluated. The curriculum called "Around the World" was designed to enhance knowledge and cooking skills through a multicultural approach. Participants learned about the food culture and customs of a different country each week and then created a recipe of that country from scratch. Research assistants from California Polytechnic State University implemented the lessons. The program took place at Mesa Middle School in Arroyo Grande, CA over two consecutive academic quarters, Fall 2013 and Winter 2014. Participants were 16 seventhand eighth-grade students aged 12-14. The program consisted of 8 lessons that were divided into a classroom-based learning portion and a kitchen-based cooking portion. A pre-and post-intervention survey was developed to assess change in self-efficacy for cooking, cooking skills, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectancies, and perceived social and family norms. Paired t-tests indicated that participants demonstrated a significant increase in nutrition knowledge (P<0.0001) and cooking skills (P=0.02) after participation in Pink and Dude Chefs, Phase 2. Empowering youth by improving food-related knowledge and skills is an important step toward improving the health of our nation. Further research is needed to examine how nutrition and culinary interventions may impact long-term health promoting behaviors.v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Behavioral Determinants of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in the United States: Analyzing Independent and Joint Associations

Cited by 310 publications

References 28 publications

Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

A Multicultural Nutrition and Culinary Intervention for Middle School Students: Pink and Dude Chefs, Phase 2

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