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Cited by 5 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…The results of these additive models, however, do not address the possibility of interaction between the race, ethnicity, and gender of the offender. As numerous researchers have pointed out (Brennan, 2002, 2009; Brennan & Spohn, 2009; Crew, 1991; Daly & Tonry, 1997; Spohn & Beichner, 2000; Steffensmeier et al, 1998; Steffensmeier & Demuth, 2006; Young, 1986), findings of leniency for female offenders may mask differences in treatment based on the race-ethnicity of the offender. Similarly, findings of no differences based on the race or ethnicity of the offender may mask differential treatment based on the gender of the offender.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results of these additive models, however, do not address the possibility of interaction between the race, ethnicity, and gender of the offender. As numerous researchers have pointed out (Brennan, 2002, 2009; Brennan & Spohn, 2009; Crew, 1991; Daly & Tonry, 1997; Spohn & Beichner, 2000; Steffensmeier et al, 1998; Steffensmeier & Demuth, 2006; Young, 1986), findings of leniency for female offenders may mask differences in treatment based on the race-ethnicity of the offender. Similarly, findings of no differences based on the race or ethnicity of the offender may mask differential treatment based on the gender of the offender.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is what has been termed selective chivalry (Anderson, 1976;Farnworth & Teske, 1995;Moulds, 1978;Spohn & Beichner, 2000;Spohn & Spears, 1997). Females who violate ideals of gender norms that are considered outside the bounds of traditional gender role expectations are not afforded the same level of leniency as females who meet traditional gender role expectations (Brennan, 2009;Chesney-Lind, 1986;Young, 1986). A component of gender role expectations is childcare responsibilities; participation in female criminality, especially by those who are mothers, contradict prescribed gender role expectations which, in turn, can result in more punitive treatment of females.…”
Section: Females Chivalry and Sentencing Researchmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, White females are often depicted as passive, non-aggressive, and more in need of protection than males or females of color; however, females of color, particularly Black and Hispanic females, have been portrayed differently. For example, Black females have been stereotyped, in some cases, as dangerous and aggressive as their Black male counterparts (Brennan, 2006(Brennan, , 2009Young, 1986). Additionally, the image of the Black female as a threat to both patriarchy and white supremacy may influence the amount of chivalry extended to Black females.…”
Section: Females Chivalry and Sentencing Researchmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The challenges faced by these mothers also contribute to high rates of involvement with CPS as well (Genty, 1995;Greene et al, 2000;Raeder, 2006). Judges may deem mothers with a high number of children, those who fail to fulfill their parental obligations, and those with histories of involvement with child welfare, as deserving of more severe punishment than their counterparts in light of violating societal expectations of motherhood, on top of involvement in crime (Bickle & Peterson, 1991;Brennan, 2009;Daly, 1987b;Freiburger, 2011;Kruttschnitt, 2010;Pierce & Freiburger, 2011;Robbins, Martin, & Surratt, 2009).…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%