“…The current research was conducted on direct current electric circuit which is highly abstract and complex (Mulhall et al, 2001;Taber, Trafford &Teresa, 2006). Students at all ages and levels have many learning difficulties and misconceptions even after formal instructions (Engelhardt & Beichner, 2004;Jaakkola & Nurmi, 2008;McDermott & Shaffer, 1992;Mulhall et al, 2001;Peşman & Eryılmaz, 2010).…”