Quasi‐analytic steady‐state solution of VCSEL rate equations including spatial hole burning and carrier diffusion losses

Jungo, M.; Erni, Daniel; Baechtold, W.

doi:10.1002/jnm.490

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, radically new methods for computing static VCSEL responses could be derived based on the model's reformulation in the form of ordinary differential equations [20]. Finally, this specific formulation allows the implementation of the modified model in standard electronic circuit simulation tools.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verilog‐A implementation of a 2D spatiotemporal VCSEL model for system‐oriented simulations of optical links

Christen

Odermatt

Jungo

et al. 2003

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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An implementation of a highly efficient spatiotemporal vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) model in the circuit simulation environment of Cadence is presented. The VCSEL model, based on a set of modified rate equations, is written in Verilog‐A. It enables the association of the VCSEL model with transistor‐level models of the driver and detector circuits. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal nature of the model allows the generation of multimode responses and corresponding far‐field intensity profiles, which can be used to investigate fibre coupling and propagation mechanisms. An optimization of the VCSEL drive signal performed using the built‐in optimizer of Cadence is presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 304–308, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11044

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verilog‐A implementation of a 2D spatiotemporal VCSEL model for system‐oriented simulations of optical links

Christen

Odermatt

Jungo

et al. 2003

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…Furthermore, the formulation of the spatially dependent rate equations in the form of ODE allows the implementation of the model in an electronic circuit simulator as well as the fast and easy computation of the VCSEL's steady-state characteristic. Based on the model above, we recently proposed a quasi-analytic steady-state solution of single mode rate equations including SHB and carrier diffusion [23].…”

Section: Core Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

VISTAS: A comprehensive system-oriented spatiotemporal VCSEL model

Jungo

Erni

Bächtold

2003

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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We propose a highly efficient spatiotemporal verticalcavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) model aimed at optimizing entire optical links. It is based on two-dimensional (2-D) rate equations, which allow the computation of dynamic gain competition resulting from inhomogeneous field and carrier spatial distributions in the cavity. The equations are mathematically transformed so as to remove any explicit spatial dependency from their formulation. This modified model reduces the computational time by several orders of magnitude. Resulting 2-D dynamic intensity profiles allow investigating effects related to improper fiber coupling due to transverse misalignment between laser beam and fiber. Self-consistent implementations of feedback and chirping, thermal effects, and noise are presented as well. A variety of advanced simulations showing results consistent with theory and experiments confirm the validity of the model.

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“…Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have a number of advantages over the edge emitting laser. These are (i) low threshold current, (ii) single-longitudinal-mode operation, (iii) circular and low divergence output beams and (iv) wafer scale integrability (Jungo et al 2003;Li et al 2006). However, in the applications of VCSELs, special attention needs to be given to external optical feedback phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved model for computing the reflectivity of a AlAs/GaAs based distributed bragg reflector and vertical cavity surface emitting laser

Saha

Islam

2009

Opt Quant Electron

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In this paper, reflectivity of a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) has been computed by considering the effects of changes of wavelength on the changes of the refractive index of the materials of DBR layers. The intrinsic losses of the materials have been included in the computation of the reflectivity of the DBR. It has been found that the effect of change of the wavelength on the refractive index of the DBR materials reduces the Full Width Half Maxima (FWHM) of the stop band significantly which is expected to improve the laser characteristics. If the FWHM is reduced, the thickness of the active layer of a VCSEL can also be reduced which will further reduce the threshold current of the device. It has been found that the intrinsic losses of the materials have a significant effect on the reflectivity of a DBR. It has also been found that peak reflectivity of a 20 pair AlAs/GaAs DBR reduces by 0.2% after including the intrinsic losses (with a value of the intrinsic losses α = 10 cm −1 ).

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Quasi‐analytic steady‐state solution of VCSEL rate equations including spatial hole burning and carrier diffusion losses

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Verilog‐A implementation of a 2D spatiotemporal VCSEL model for system‐oriented simulations of optical links

Verilog‐A implementation of a 2D spatiotemporal VCSEL model for system‐oriented simulations of optical links

VISTAS: A comprehensive system-oriented spatiotemporal VCSEL model

An improved model for computing the reflectivity of a AlAs/GaAs based distributed bragg reflector and vertical cavity surface emitting laser

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