Quantum Path Interferences in High-Order Harmonic Generation

Zaïr, A.; Holler, Mirko; Guandalini, A.; Schapper, F.; Biegert, J.; Gallmann, L.; Keller, U.; Wyatt,; Monmayrant, Antoine; Walmsley, Ian A.; Cormier, Éric; Auguste, T.; Caumes, Jean-Pascal; Salières, P.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.143902

Cited by 198 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…2. Consequently, propagation, phase matching or QPI, in contrary to previous works [22][23][24][25][26]31 , are not the dominant mechanisms driving the spatio-spectral structures that we observed. The key parameters are the nonlinearity of the atomic response, its saturation and the depletion of the ground state so that the harmonic source is shaped spatially and temporally during the generation process.…”

Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms5637contrasting

confidence: 55%

“…They indicated that the structures are due to the spatial coherence of the emission and its rapid temporal evolution. They can also be obtained with a single quantum path (see Supplementary Figs 4,5), which confirm that they are created by a different process than QPI [22][23][24][25] . Note that the fine details of the structures highly depend on several parameters, such as the intensity spatial profile and amplitude (see Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…This implies that the phase matching or the propagation are not the dominant mechanisms creating the observed structures in contrary to previous works 22,26,31 . Neither QPI, that requires specific interaction conditions to appear [23][24][25] and strongly changes from one harmonic to the other, is a dominant mechanism here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are therefore major issues in Attoscience and they have been widely studied. Structures due to interferences have been observed in the XUV spectra, and depending on the experimental conditions, they originate from different phenomena: quantum path interference (QPI) [22][23][24][25] , phase matching 26 or caustics 27 . Also, spectral interferences can be observed in the harmonic spectra when the attosecond pulse train is very short 28,29 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spatio–spectral structures in high-order harmonic beams generated with Terawatt 10-fs pulses

et al. 2014

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A large international effort is nowadays devoted to increase the energy of the extreme ultraviolet pulses by using high-peak power ultrashort fundamental pulses (Terawatt level). Using such fundamental pulses brings specific constraints that need to be addressed. Here we study high-order harmonic generation in gases with 10 fs pulses at Terawatt peak power and demonstrate that extreme ultraviolet beams can be highly structured and complex in various conditions. We use a single-shot spatially resolved spectral detection and demonstrate direct observation of the spatio-temporal coupling occuring in the generating medium. Clear and reproducible complex spatio-spectral structures are observed in the far field. Similar structures are reproduced with simulations and we show that they are intimately associated to the high nonlinearity of high-order harmonic generation. Those findings are of prime importance for the generation of high-energy attosecond pulses and reveal important issues for their applications.

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Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms5637contrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Spatio–spectral structures in high-order harmonic beams generated with Terawatt 10-fs pulses

et al. 2014

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“…The proportional constant α i=S, L depends on "short" (S) or "long" (L) trajectories. The phase can also be expressed in terms of the ponderomotive energy U p and the electron excursion time τ q i : ϕ q i ≈ −β i U p τ q i [154], where the coefficient β i for the "short" trajectory is much smaller than for the "long" trajectory. The electron excursion times for the two trajectories are τ q S ≈ T /2 and τ q L ≈ T (T is the laser period) [38].…”

Section: Time-frequency Analysis Of Harmonics In Near and Far Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Nonlinear Propagation of High Harmonics Generated in a Gaseous Medium

Jin

2013

Springer Theses

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In this thesis, we establish the theoretical tools to investigate high-order harmonic generation (HHG) by intense infrared lasers in a gaseous medium. The macroscopic propagation of both the fundamental and the harmonic fields is taken into account by solving Maxwell's wave equations, while the single-atom (or single-molecule) response is obtained by quantitative rescattering theory. The initial spatial mode of the fundamental laser is assumed either a Gaussian or a truncated Bessel beam. On the examples of Ar, N 2 and CO 2 , we demonstrate that the available experimental HHG spectra with isotropic and aligned target media can be accurately reproduced theoretically even though the HHG spectra are sensitive to the experimental conditions. We show that the macroscopic HHG can be expressed as a product of a macroscopic wave packet and a photorecombination cross section, where the former depends on laser and experimental conditions while the latter is the property of the target only. The factorization makes it possible to retrieve the single-atom or single-molecule structure information from experimental HHG spectra. As for the multiple molecular orbital contribution in HHG, it causes the disappearance of the minimum in the HHG spectrum of aligned N 2 with the increase of laser intensity, and the position of minimum in HHG spectrum of aligned CO 2 depending on many factors is also attributed to it, which could explain why the minima observed in different laboratories may differ. For an important application of HHG as ultrashort light source, we show that measured continuous harmonic spectrum of Xe due to the reshaping of the fundamental laser field can be used to produce an isolated attosecond pulse by spectral and spatial filtering in the far field. For on-going application of using HHG to ionize aligned molecules, we present the photoelectron angular distribution from aligned N 2 and CO 2 in the laboratory frame, which can be compared directly with future experiments. demonstrate that the available experimental HHG spectra with isotropic and aligned target media can be accurately reproduced theoretically even though the HHG spectra are sensitive to the experimental conditions. We show that the macroscopic HHG can be expressed as a product of a macroscopic wave packet and a photorecombination cross section, where the former depends on laser and experimental conditions while the latter is the property of the target only. The factorization makes it possible to retrieve the single-atom or single-molecule structure information from experimental HHG spectra. As for the multiple molecular orbital contribution in HHG, it causes the disappearance of the minimum in the HHG spectrum of aligned N 2 with the increase of laser intensity, and the position of minimum in HHG spectrum of aligned CO 2 depending on many factors is also attributed to it, which could explain why the minima observed in different laboratories may differ. For an important application of HHG as ultrashort light source, we show that measured continu...

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Multielectron High Harmonic Generation: Simple Man on a Complex Plane

Smirnova

Ivanov

2014

Attosecond and XUV Physics

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IntroductionAttosecond science has emerged with the discovery of coherent electron-ion collisions induced by a strong laser field, usually referred to as "recollisions" [1]. This discovery was initiated by the numerical experiments of K. Schafer, J. Krause and K. Kulander (see [2]). The work [1] drew on the concepts developed by F. Brunel and colleagues [3][4][5]. It has also been predated by the concept of the "atomic antenna" [6] developed by M. Kuchiev. With the benefit of hindsight, we now see the "atomic antenna" [6] as the earliest quantum counterpart of the classical picture developed by [1,7]. 1)The classical picture of strong-field-induced ionization dynamics is summarized as follows. Once ionization removes an electron from an atom or a molecule, this electron finds itself in the strong oscillating laser field. Newton's equations of motion show that, within one or a few cycles after ionization, the oscillating electron can be driven back by the laser field to reencounter the parent ion. During this reencounter, referred to as recollision, the electron can do many things: scatter elastically (diffract), scatter inelastically (excitation or ionization of the parent ion), or radiatively recombine with the ion. It is this latter process that we will focus on here. The classical picture is usually referred to as the three-step model, or the simple man model. 2) 1) While the quantum vision of [6] has predated the classical picture, at that time it lacked the striking clarity and transparency of the classical model [1], which linked several key -and seemingly disparate -strong-field phenomena, like high harmonic generation, production of very high-energy electrons, and extreme efficiency of double ionization. The history of this discovery and of its impact on nonlinear optics and technology are rich and interesting in their own right. Some of it is recounted, from a more historical perspective, in Chapter 10. Our purpose here is different -we simply urge the reader to read the papers [3-6, 8], as well as a seemingly unrelated paper [9]. 2) As far as one of us (M.I.) can remember, the latter term has been used by K. Kulander, K. Schafer and H.-G. Muller, who have largely contributed to the development of this classical model. Attosecond and XUV Physics, First Edition. Edited by Thomas Schultz and Marc Vrakking.

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Quantum Path Interferences in High-Order Harmonic Generation

Cited by 198 publications

References 28 publications

Spatio–spectral structures in high-order harmonic beams generated with Terawatt 10-fs pulses

Spatio–spectral structures in high-order harmonic beams generated with Terawatt 10-fs pulses

Theory of Nonlinear Propagation of High Harmonics Generated in a Gaseous Medium

Multielectron High Harmonic Generation: Simple Man on a Complex Plane

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