Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals

Schupp, Eugene W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1749-4_2

Cited by 568 publications

(793 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The remaining bird species dispersed < 30 % of the L. apiculata seeds. This greater abundance of T. falcklandii, recorded during the study period in Chiloé, may show that the number of visits a disperser makes appears to be a better predictor of the total quantity of seed dispersed than the number of fruits ingested per visit (Schupp 1993).…”

Section: Aextoxicon Punctatummentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Disperser effectiveness is the number of new adult plants produced as a result of the activity of one disperser relative to the other dispersers or to nondispersed seeds (Schupp 1993, Calviño-Cancela andMartín-Herrero 2009). The effectiveness of seed dispersers depends both on the interaction event frequency and on the net effect per event (quantity and quality of dispersal sensu, Schupp 1993). However, studies in the rainforests of Chiloé on disperser effectiveness during the austral autumn-winter are scarce (Hernández 1995, Figueroa andCastro 2002) despite the importance of these concepts for seed dispersal ecology (Schupp 1993, Godinez-Alvarez et al 2002, Calviño-Cancela and Martín-Herrero 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of seed dispersers depends both on the interaction event frequency and on the net effect per event (quantity and quality of dispersal sensu, Schupp 1993). However, studies in the rainforests of Chiloé on disperser effectiveness during the austral autumn-winter are scarce (Hernández 1995, Figueroa andCastro 2002) despite the importance of these concepts for seed dispersal ecology (Schupp 1993, Godinez-Alvarez et al 2002, Calviño-Cancela and Martín-Herrero 2009. It is hypothesized that during the austral autumn-winter the guild of seed disperser birds is depleted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantity component of the effectiveness of seed dispersal by birds in the temperate rainforest of Chiloé, Chile

2011

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SUMMARYThe quantity component of the disperser effectiveness of resident birds during the autumn-winter period has not yet been detailed in temperate rainforests of South America. In this study, the potentially frugivorous bird species in the temperate rainforests of southern Chile during the Austral autumn-winter were identified, and the quantity component of the disperser effectiveness of the birds (number of visits and number of seeds dispersed per hour) were evaluated for the tree species Luma apiculata and Aextoxicon punctatum. During the peak fruiting period of the both L. apiculata and A. punctatum 10 and 14, respectively, individuals of each species were monitored for a total of 10 days. Results show that four bird species consumed L. apiculata fruits. The birds Turdus falcklandii were the main fruit consumers (72 % of the visits), with a mean rate of 2.2 visits per hour and 49.2 seeds dispersed per hour. The frugivorous species visiting A. punctatum were T. falcklandii (97 % of the visits) and Columba araucana (3 %). In A. punctatum, T. falcklandii consumed 65 fruits in 35 visits, with a mean rate of 1.8 visits per hour and 3.4 seeds dispersed per hour. In conclusion, T. falcklandii would be the most effective seed disperser bird for autumn-winter fruiting trees in the Chiloé rainforest of our study site, at least with regard to the quantitative component of disperser effectiveness.Key words: seed disperser, frugivorous bird, endozoochory, fleshy fruit, South America rainforest. RESUMENEl componente cuantitativo de la efectividad de la dispersión de semillas en aves residentes en los bosques lluviosos de Sudamérica durante el período de otoño e invierno no ha sido descrito con detalle. En este estudio se identificaron las potenciales especies de aves frugívoras de los bosques templados del sur de Chile durante el otoño austral y se evaluó el componente cuantitativo de la efectividad de las aves como dispersantes de semillas (número de visitas y número de semillas dispersadas por hora) en las especies arbóreas Luma apiculata y Aextoxicon punctatum. Durante el periodo de máxima fructificación de los árboles L. apiculata y A. punctatum fueron monitoreados 10 y 14 individuos, respectivamente, por un período de 10 días. Los resultados mostraron que cuatro especies de aves consumieron los frutos de L. apiculata. El ave Turdus falcklandii fue el principal consumidor de frutos (72 % de las visitas), con una tasa de 2,2 visitas por hora y 49,2 semillas dispersadas por hora. Los frugívoros que visitaron A. punctatum fueron T. falcklandii (97 % de las visitas) y Columba araucana (3 %). Aquí, T. falcklandii consumió 65 frutos en 35 visitas, con una tasa de 1,8 visitas por hora y 3,4 semillas dispersadas por hora. Se concluye que T. falcklandii sería la más efectiva ave dispersante de semillas de los árboles que fructifican en otoño e invierno en los bosques templados del sur de Chile, al menos con respecto al componente cuantitativo de la efectividad del dispersante.Palabras clave: dispersante de semillas, ave frug...

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Section: Aextoxicon Punctatummentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantity component of the effectiveness of seed dispersal by birds in the temperate rainforest of Chiloé, Chile

2011

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“…132 Nonetheless, to a large extent, structural and floristic elements have developed so that they begin 133 to mirror the original dry forest vegetation. (3) The mature successional stage is characterized by 134 a closed canopy and the presence of a tree cover that is typical of mature dry forest (i.e., The effectiveness of seed dispersal in each successional stage was estimated as proposed 149 by Schupp (1993), by considering the quantity and quality components. The quantity was 150 estimated based on the abundance of frugivorous birds, their frequency of visits to B. longipes 151 tree and average number of fruits removed per visit.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The quality was estimated based on the 152 percentage of germination after seeds passed through the digestive system of birds, probability of 153 seed deposition at nurse plants (adult plants that positively influence the recruitment of young 154 seedlings) and the contribution of bird species to the establishment sites (Schupp,Jordano & 155 Gómez, 2010). Seed dispersal effectiveness of each frugivore is calculated as the product of the 156 components of quantity and quality, using the following subcomponents (Schupp, 1993): 157 Effectiveness = relative abundance x frequency of visits x average number of removed fruits x 158 seed germination x seed deposition probability x contribution of birds to the site of 159 establishment. For each species, the relative abundance was calculated based on the number of 173 individuals captured per net hour, and the data were analyzed in a χ 2 contingency table to 174 determine whether differences in number of individuals existed between sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Myiarchus flycatchers are the primary seed dispersers of Bursera longipes in a Mexican dry forest: An overlooked coevolutionary process?

Almazán-Núñez

Eguiarte

Arizmendi

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Seed handling in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius): Implications for understanding hominoid and cercopithecine fruit-processing strategies and seed dispersal

Lambert

1999

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

143

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Primates are confronted with an array of constraints in feeding on fruit, including the removal of adhesive, energy-rich pulp from seeds. In this paper, I discuss how primates meet this challenge and present data on the fruit-processing and seed-handling behavior of chimpanzees and redtail monkeys in Kibale National Park, Uganda. These data are then related to these species' services as seed dispersers. Particular attention was paid to the methods by which primates removed pulp from seeds, the density of seed clumps that they deposited (by spitting, dropping, or defecating) to the forest floor, and the distance seeds were moved from parent trees. Distance and density differences in chimpanzee and redtail seed dispersal resulted from distinct fruit-processing and seed-handling methods. It was observed, in general, that redtail monkeys engaged in fine oral processing and were seed spitters: most seeds were dispersed in close proximity to parent trees (84% of spat seeds < 10 m of parent tree), and deposited singly (100% seeds spat singly). In contrast, chimpanzees were coarse fruit processors and seed swallowers: seeds were defecated in denser clumps (e.g., a mean of 149 large seeds/dung sample and hundreds of small seeds/dung sample), far from parent trees. I evaluate the factors that shape patterns of fruit processing in hominoids and cercopithecines, and argue that the observed seed handling differences can be attributed to differences in digestive retention times, oral anatomy, and alternative mechanisms by which to avoid the cost of seed ballast.

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Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals

Cited by 568 publications

References 90 publications

Quantity component of the effectiveness of seed dispersal by birds in the temperate rainforest of Chiloé, Chile

Quantity component of the effectiveness of seed dispersal by birds in the temperate rainforest of Chiloé, Chile

Myiarchus flycatchers are the primary seed dispersers of Bursera longipes in a Mexican dry forest: An overlooked coevolutionary process?

Seed handling in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius): Implications for understanding hominoid and cercopithecine fruit-processing strategies and seed dispersal

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