Quantitative NEXAFS and solid-state NMR studies of sp 3 /( sp 2 + sp 3 ) ratio in the hydrogenated DLC films

Zhou, Xiaolong; Tunmee, Sarayut; Suzuki, Tsuneo; Phothongkam, Pat; Kanda, Kazuhiro; Komatsu, Keiji; Kawahara, Seiichi; Ito, Hajime; Saitoh, Hidetoshi

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2016.09.026

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…2,[8][9][10] In these classification schemes, the amorphous carbon films can be categorized into six types: tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon, amorphous carbon, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), graphite-like carbon, and polymer-like carbon (PLC) films. 2,7 The hydrogen content and sp 2 /(sp 2 þ sp 3 ) ratio play crucial roles in these schemes. The former can be measured by the Rutherford backscattering/elastic recoil detection analysis (RBS/ERDA) using an electrostatic accelerator, 11,12 and the latter can be measured by the near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) based on synchrotron radiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] With the continuous expansion of the research, the effective classification of amorphous carbon films has become necessary because their properties depend strongly on the conditions and methods of synthesis. 6,7 In order to classify the amorphous carbon films systematically, many attempts have been made so far. 2,[8][9][10] In these classification schemes, the amorphous carbon films can be categorized into six types: tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon, amorphous carbon, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), graphite-like carbon, and polymer-like carbon (PLC) films.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural analysis of amorphous carbon films by spectroscopic ellipsometry, RBS/ERDA, and NEXAFS

Zhou

Suzuki

Nakajima

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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The structural analysis of amorphous carbon films is not only the premise of their unique properties applied in the industrial fields but also the indispensable element on their classification. In this letter, we refurbished the classification of amorphous carbon films based on the optical constants in terms of the refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (k). In the selected photon energy range, we defined the maximum of n (En-max) and k at a value more than 10−4 (Ek) to explore the relationship between different classification schemes for amorphous carbon films deposited by different techniques. We found that Ek and En-max of the deposited amorphous carbon films have an exponential relationship with the hydrogen contents. Thus, the spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis can also be used as one of the effective methods for the structural evaluation of the amorphous carbon films.

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Structural analysis of amorphous carbon films by spectroscopic ellipsometry, RBS/ERDA, and NEXAFS

Zhou

Suzuki

Nakajima

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…, and hydrogen terminations [2,3]. Many structural models have been proposed to describe the role of each component in DLC films.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It was proposed in 2013 [11], for which a lot of considerable discussion in the past ISO/TC-107 meetings in 2016 (BSI, UK) and 2017 (Tokyo, Japan) has been made [12]. Since this method needs to use only an SE without the largescale equipment (the hydrogen content was measured by the RBS/ERDA using an electrostatic accelerator [13], and the sp 2 /(sp 2 + sp 3 ) ratio was obtained by NEXAFS based on synchrotron radiation [2,7,14]), it is more conducive to simplify the classification of DLC films. However, it is necessary to discuss the consistency between the structural analyses made with SE and NEXAFS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic Ellipsometry - Application on the Classification of Diamond-Like Carbon Films

Zhou¹,

Saitoh²

2017

Ellipsometry - Principles and Techniques for Materials Characterization

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been spreading from their theoretical basis to worldwide industrial applications because of their unique properties. Since their properties depend strongly on the conditions of synthesis, the effective classification of DLC films becomes quite necessary. From the ternary phase diagram to the Japan New Diamond Forum standard, the classification attempts are also accompanied by the continuous development of their applications. Generally, the hydrogen content and sp hybrid carbons in the hydrogen-terminated cluster. Simultaneously, the above classification methods need to use the large equipment, such as the synchronous radiation source. Therefore, to realize more straightforward to classify DLC films efficiently, the optical constants (refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k)) have been proposed in 2013 to be effective method to classify the DLC films, for which a lot of considerable discussion in the past ISO/TC-107 meetings has been made. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the latest developments of optical constants on the classification of DLC films and explore their relationship with the current standard.

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A Flexible Oxygenated Carbographite Nanofilamentous Buckypaper as an Amphiphilic Membrane

Homaeigohar

Strunskus

Strobel

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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Here, for the first time, oxygenated amorphous carbon/graphite (a‐COx/G) hybrid nanofilaments are produced and used as the building blocks of a buckypaper membrane. The nanofilaments are in fact the innovatively chopped version of brittle, highly graphitized polyacrylonitrile precursor nanofibers. The high temperature (1250 °C) graphitization and then fast cooling bring about biphasic nanofibers made of graphite and amorphous carbon, readily reoxidized during cooling. The combination of polar and nonpolar domains in the nanofilaments governs a desirable amphiphilicity, thus selectivity to a variety of polar/nonpolar water pollutants. Through electrostatic and π–π interactions, the membrane efficiently discriminates amphiphilic castor oil as well as cationic methylene blue dye from water. Moreover, the buckypaper‐like structure of the membrane is 100% efficient in depth filtration of colloidal particles from water. The membrane's water flux is 16 times higher than that of commercial microfiltration membranes, promising an advanced energy/cost efficient filtration process. Thus, being multispectrally selective and highly water permeable, the a‐COx/G nanofilamentous membrane is regarded potentially a next‐generation, cost‐effective, and sustainable alternative to the long‐existing thin‐film composite membranes for water treatment.

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Quantitative NEXAFS and solid-state NMR studies of sp 3 /( sp 2 + sp 3 ) ratio in the hydrogenated DLC films

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Structural analysis of amorphous carbon films by spectroscopic ellipsometry, RBS/ERDA, and NEXAFS

Structural analysis of amorphous carbon films by spectroscopic ellipsometry, RBS/ERDA, and NEXAFS

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry - Application on the Classification of Diamond-Like Carbon Films

A Flexible Oxygenated Carbographite Nanofilamentous Buckypaper as an Amphiphilic Membrane

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