Quantitative electron microscopy and physically based modelling of Cu precipitation in precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel 15-5 PH

Zhou, Tao; Babu, R. Prasath; Odqvist, Joakim; Yu, Hao; Hedström, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.01.049

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…For Cu precipitation in these types of alloys, it is well known that the nuclei are coherently precipitating in the matrix, i.e. precipitate and matrix have the same crystallographic structure, while at later stages, the Cu precipitates transform into the stable fcc phase [30]. Since only short ageing is considered here, we only treat the metastable Cu-rich bcc precipitate phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the precipitation behaviour in multicomponent grades requires major attention because of the complex interconnection between capillary effects and diffusion fluxes couplings [33]. Prior works using LSKW precipitation modelling have been performed on binary Fe-Cu alloys and multicomponent steels with Cu precipitation [30,34,35]. For example, Stechauner et al [35] modelled Cu precipitation in a Fe-Cu binary system, and the results were in good agreement with experimental details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The computational cost is also limiting in PF, especially when it is supposed to be used in CMD. In this case, macroscopic types of approaches like the Langer-Schwartz-Kampmann-Wagner (LSKW) [29] approach for precipitation modelling have the advantages that they can account concomitantly for nucleation, growth and coarsening of a distribution of precipitates, are fully coupled with CALPHAD databases and have been applied to numerous complex alloy systems, showing promising results [30][31][32]. However, the precipitation behaviour in multicomponent grades requires major attention because of the complex interconnection between capillary effects and diffusion fluxes couplings [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Langer–Schwartz–Kampmann–Wagner precipitation simulations: assessment of models and materials design application for Cu precipitation in PH stainless steels

et al. 2020

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Quantitative modelling of precipitation kinetics can play an important role in a computational material design framework where, for example, optimization of alloying can become more efficient if it is computationally driven. Precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels is one example where precipitation strengthening is vital to achieve optimum properties. The Langer–Schwartz–Kampmann–Wagner (LSKW) approach for modelling of precipitation has shown good results for different alloy systems, but the specific models and assumptions applied are critical. In the present work, we thus apply two state-of-the-art LSKW tools to evaluate the different treatments of nucleation and growth. The precipitation modelling is assessed with respect to experimental results for Cu precipitation in PH stainless steels. The LSKW modelling is able to predict the precipitation during ageing in good quantitative agreement with experimental results if the nucleation model allows for nucleation of precipitates with a composition far from the equilibrium and if a composition-dependent interfacial energy is considered. The modelling can also accurately predict trends with respect to alloy composition and ageing temperature found in the experimental data. For materials design purposes, it is though proposed that the modelling is calibrated by measurements of precipitate composition and fraction in key experiments prior to application. Graphic abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Langer–Schwartz–Kampmann–Wagner precipitation simulations: assessment of models and materials design application for Cu precipitation in PH stainless steels

et al. 2020

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“…And in the present study, particle size and average spacing on the slip planes are smaller and the number density is greater in sample B than that of sample A, as shown in Figure and , which results in the stronger interaction between dislocations and precipitates when the sample is subjected to external load. When dislocations in the matrix pass through the nanoscale particles, dislocation loops can form and encompass the precipitates according to the Orowan mechanism, which can suppress the movement of trailing dislocations by reducing an effective interparticle spacing or producing a great back stress. Consequently, the ability of ferrite matrix to resist deformation in sample B can be improved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation and Mechanical Property of V‐Alloyed Steel: Role of Cooling Rate

Zhang

Song

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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Herein, the effect of cooling rate on the precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of V-added microalloyed steel is systematically investigated by nanoindentation test, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The present observation reveals that random precipitates and interphase precipitates are simultaneously observed at the low cooling rate of 0.5 C s À1 , whereas only random precipitates are obtained at the high cooling rate of 2 C s À1 . The contribution of the nanoscale precipitates to yield strength is evaluated to be 199 MPa at the low cooling rate of 0.5 C s À1 , which is almost 4 times higher than that of 2 C s À1 . The predicted yield strength by semiempirical model based on the structural parameters is consistent with the result from tensile testing. In addition, the greater difference between upper and lower yield points in sample B is caused by dislocations motion, which is related to the smaller interparticle spacing of nanosized precipitates within ferrite matrix.

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“…[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] The extraction replica samples are usually prepared by first grinding, polishing and slightly etching the bulk sample, before a replica foil such as carbon of approximately 20 nm thickness is deposited on the etched surface using a coating instrument, e.g., Gatan 682 PECS TM (precision etching and coating system). [95] Thereafter, the coated film is cut into approximately 2 Â 2 mm 2 grids by a razor blade and then these smaller films are floated off in an etchant suitable for the studied material, utilizing either electro-etching or chemical etching. [87,89] The coated films are cleaned by ethanol multiple times and unfolded in a mixture of distilled water and ethanol.…”

Section: Chemical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of transmission electron microscopy for precipitation analysis in metallic materials

Zhou

Babu

Hou

et al. 2021

Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences

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Precipitation hardening is one of the most important strengthening mechanisms in metallic materials, and thus, controlling precipitation is often critical in optimizing mechanical performance. Also other performance requirements such as functional and degradation properties are critically depending on precipitation. Control of precipitation in metallic materials is, thus, vital, and the approach presently in the limelight for this purpose is an integrated approach of theory, computations and experimental characterization. An empirical understanding is essential to build physical models upon and, furthermore, quantitative experimental data is needed to build databases and to calibrate the models. The most versatile tool for precipitation characterization is the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The TEM has sufficient resolving power to image even the finest precipitates, and with TEMbased microanalysis, overall quantitative data such as particle size distribution, volume fraction and number density of particles can be gathered. Moreover, details of precipitate structure, morphology and chemistry, can be revealed. TEM-based postmortem and in situ analysis of precipitation has made significant progress over the last decade, largely stimulated by the widespread application of aberration corrected microscopes and accompanying novel analytics. The purpose of this report is to review these recent developments in precipitation analysis methodology, including sample preparation. Application examples are provided for precipitation analysis in metals, and future prospects are discussed.

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Quantitative electron microscopy and physically based modelling of Cu precipitation in precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel 15-5 PH

Cited by 58 publications

References 50 publications

Langer–Schwartz–Kampmann–Wagner precipitation simulations: assessment of models and materials design application for Cu precipitation in PH stainless steels

Langer–Schwartz–Kampmann–Wagner precipitation simulations: assessment of models and materials design application for Cu precipitation in PH stainless steels

Precipitation and Mechanical Property of V‐Alloyed Steel: Role of Cooling Rate

On the role of transmission electron microscopy for precipitation analysis in metallic materials

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