Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He–Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of different doses (100, 300, and 500 mJ) of low power He–Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation on seed germination and thermodynamics attributes and activities of potential germinating enzymes in relation with changes in seed metabolites. He–Ne laser seed irradiation increased the amylase (Amy), protease (Pro) and glucosidase (Gluco) activities, with a significant improvement in seed thermodynamics and seed germination attributes. A fast increase was found in free fatty acids (FFA), free amino acids (FAA), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), total soluble sugars (TSS) and reducing sugars (RS) in laser treated seeds in parallel with fast decline in seed oil contents and total soluble proteins (TSP). Significant positive correlations were recorded in laser-induced enhanced seed energy levels, germination, activities of germination enzymes with levels of FAA, FFA, Chl, TSS and RS, but a negative correlation with the levels of TSP and oil. In conclusion, the seed treatment with 100 and 300 mJ He–Ne laser was more effective to improve the seed germination potential associated with an improvement in seed energy levels due to increased activities of germination enzymes due to the speedy breakdown of seed reserves to simple metabolites as building blocks.

RETRACTED: Combined effect of Zinc lysine and biochar on growth and physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to alleviate salinity stress

“…Likewise, the processes are necessary for healthy growth in the salt stressed condition like essential physiological and biochemical disrupting and severe damage of cellular by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species ( Saleem et al., 2020 ; Ghafar et al., 2021 ; Hameed et al., 2021 ; Perveen et al., 2021 ). The largest cellular generation of ROS, particularly H 2 O 2 , promoted lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes ( Kazemi et al., 2019 ; Saleem et al., 2020 ), resulting in the synthesis of higher MDA in plant tissues in the current study.…”

Quality Responses of Table Grapes ‘Flame Seedless’ as Effected by Foliarly Applied Micronutrients

“…Our results showed that reducing, non-reducing and total sugar contents of grape berries were increased with increasing concentration of micronutrients (Table 4). Such an increase in sugar contents of grape berries could be related to the increased chlorophyll contents and the higher photosynthesis rate achieved through supplemental sprays of Fe, B and Zn [51]; similar findings were reported in apple and grapevines [52][53][54]. Higher sugar contents as a result of foliar sprays of micronutrients have also been reported in strawberry, pomegranate, and grapes [55][56][57].…”

Mejora de la germinación para la propagación sexual de la alcaparra (Capparis spinosa L.)

“…In this experiment, irradiating the seeds once the germination metabolism had started, due to the prior seed soaking, improved the effectiveness of the laser irradiation in relation to that obtained in Experiment 3, resulting in significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). This was in accordance with that reported by Perveen et al [37,59] for sunflower and safflower, respectively, who obtained good germination results irradiating seeds that had been previously soaked in water with a He-Ne laser.…”

“…On the other hand, other studies on many species found that irradiation with laser light improved germination parameters, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L. [36]), lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) [38], radish (Raphanus sativus L. [57]), soybean (Glycine max L. [58]), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. [59]), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. [37]) and Chinese woad (Isatis indigotica L. [34]). The laser light can affect the thermodynamic ≤ parameters of the seeds by increasing their internal energy, affecting the enzymatic activity (mainly of amylases, proteases and glucosidases), which may positively influence the germination [36].…”