Quantitative Computed Tomography of Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy—to do it or not?

“…The follow-up ophthalmologic examination suggests improvement of vision acuity and CT scan, improvement of optic nerve condition. It could be accordant with literature data but the relatively low number of the observed patients makes it difficult to draw any conclusions [2, 19, 50]. …”

Radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy—to do it or not?

“…The follow-up ophthalmologic examination suggests improvement of vision acuity and CT scan, improvement of optic nerve condition. It could be accordant with literature data but the relatively low number of the observed patients makes it difficult to draw any conclusions [2, 19, 50]. …”

The Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex Alleles in the Susceptibility of Brazilian Patients to Develop the Myogenic Type of Graves' Orbitopathy

“…This dichotomy suggests the existence of at least two subtypes of GO: with or without significant myopathy (3). Orbital imaging studies concur with the clinical observation that some patients with GO only display increments of the orbital fat compartment without EOM enlargement (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Significance of orbital fatty tissue for exophthalmos in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…eye ball, extraocular muscles and optic nerve) but it has no defined shape of its own. Therefore, only a few volume measurements of the orbital fatty tissues using CT [3,5,6,8,16] have been reported in TAO, while there have been many studies of the extraocular muscle volume [2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15,25]. On the other hand, MRI has made it possible to clearly identify the orbital tissues.…”

“…2 Measurement of exophthalmos on MRI. The length of a perpendicular line (dual arrows) from a line connected to bilateral frontal processes in the zygomatic bones was measured for exophthalmometry Table 1 Exophthalmos and orbital tissue volume in the control group and the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) group [Difference mean difference (in mm or cm 3 ) between the two groups, EXOPH exophthalmos (mm), BO bony orbital cavity volume, MFV sum of TFV and TMV, TFV total orbital fatty tissue volume, AFV anterior orbital fatty tissue volume, TMV total extraocular muscle volume (all volumes in cm 3 AFV/BO and TMV/BO) in the TAO group (n=20). The correlation coefficient between exophthalmos and MFV/BO was the largest, at 0.82 (P<0.01%).…”

“…Results: In TAO the volume increment of orbital fatty tissue (6.19 cm 3 ) was much greater than that of extraocular muscle (1.16 cm 3 ). Increase of exophthalmos by 1 mm needed a total orbital volume increment of 0.92 cm 3 . The total orbital fatty tissue volume (correlation coefficient 0.70, P=0.06%) and the anterior orbital fatty tissue volume (0.64, P=0.23%) were more closely correlated with the degree of exophthalmos than was extraocular muscle volume (0.58, P=0.8%).…”

Radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy—to do it or not?

“…The follow-up ophthalmologic examination suggests improvement of vision acuity and CT scan, improvement of optic nerve condition. It could be accordant with literature data but the relatively low number of the observed patients makes it difficult to draw any conclusions [2, 19, 50]. …”

The Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex Alleles in the Susceptibility of Brazilian Patients to Develop the Myogenic Type of Graves' Orbitopathy

“…This dichotomy suggests the existence of at least two subtypes of GO: with or without significant myopathy (3). Orbital imaging studies concur with the clinical observation that some patients with GO only display increments of the orbital fat compartment without EOM enlargement (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Significance of orbital fatty tissue for exophthalmos in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…eye ball, extraocular muscles and optic nerve) but it has no defined shape of its own. Therefore, only a few volume measurements of the orbital fatty tissues using CT [3,5,6,8,16] have been reported in TAO, while there have been many studies of the extraocular muscle volume [2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15,25]. On the other hand, MRI has made it possible to clearly identify the orbital tissues.…”

“…2 Measurement of exophthalmos on MRI. The length of a perpendicular line (dual arrows) from a line connected to bilateral frontal processes in the zygomatic bones was measured for exophthalmometry Table 1 Exophthalmos and orbital tissue volume in the control group and the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) group [Difference mean difference (in mm or cm 3 ) between the two groups, EXOPH exophthalmos (mm), BO bony orbital cavity volume, MFV sum of TFV and TMV, TFV total orbital fatty tissue volume, AFV anterior orbital fatty tissue volume, TMV total extraocular muscle volume (all volumes in cm 3 AFV/BO and TMV/BO) in the TAO group (n=20). The correlation coefficient between exophthalmos and MFV/BO was the largest, at 0.82 (P<0.01%).…”

“…Results: In TAO the volume increment of orbital fatty tissue (6.19 cm 3 ) was much greater than that of extraocular muscle (1.16 cm 3 ). Increase of exophthalmos by 1 mm needed a total orbital volume increment of 0.92 cm 3 . The total orbital fatty tissue volume (correlation coefficient 0.70, P=0.06%) and the anterior orbital fatty tissue volume (0.64, P=0.23%) were more closely correlated with the degree of exophthalmos than was extraocular muscle volume (0.58, P=0.8%).…”

Radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy—to do it or not?

“…The follow-up ophthalmologic examination suggests improvement of vision acuity and CT scan, improvement of optic nerve condition. It could be accordant with literature data but the relatively low number of the observed patients makes it difficult to draw any conclusions [2, 19, 50]. …”

The Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex Alleles in the Susceptibility of Brazilian Patients to Develop the Myogenic Type of Graves' Orbitopathy

“…This dichotomy suggests the existence of at least two subtypes of GO: with or without significant myopathy (3). Orbital imaging studies concur with the clinical observation that some patients with GO only display increments of the orbital fat compartment without EOM enlargement (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Significance of orbital fatty tissue for exophthalmos in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

“…eye ball, extraocular muscles and optic nerve) but it has no defined shape of its own. Therefore, only a few volume measurements of the orbital fatty tissues using CT [3,5,6,8,16] have been reported in TAO, while there have been many studies of the extraocular muscle volume [2,3,5,6,7,8,12,15,25]. On the other hand, MRI has made it possible to clearly identify the orbital tissues.…”

“…2 Measurement of exophthalmos on MRI. The length of a perpendicular line (dual arrows) from a line connected to bilateral frontal processes in the zygomatic bones was measured for exophthalmometry Table 1 Exophthalmos and orbital tissue volume in the control group and the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) group [Difference mean difference (in mm or cm 3 ) between the two groups, EXOPH exophthalmos (mm), BO bony orbital cavity volume, MFV sum of TFV and TMV, TFV total orbital fatty tissue volume, AFV anterior orbital fatty tissue volume, TMV total extraocular muscle volume (all volumes in cm 3 AFV/BO and TMV/BO) in the TAO group (n=20). The correlation coefficient between exophthalmos and MFV/BO was the largest, at 0.82 (P<0.01%).…”

“…Results: In TAO the volume increment of orbital fatty tissue (6.19 cm 3 ) was much greater than that of extraocular muscle (1.16 cm 3 ). Increase of exophthalmos by 1 mm needed a total orbital volume increment of 0.92 cm 3 . The total orbital fatty tissue volume (correlation coefficient 0.70, P=0.06%) and the anterior orbital fatty tissue volume (0.64, P=0.23%) were more closely correlated with the degree of exophthalmos than was extraocular muscle volume (0.58, P=0.8%).…”