Quantitative Clinical Chemistry. Interpretations

Peters, John P.; Slyke, Donald D. Van

doi:10.1097/00000441-194706000-00017

Cited by 161 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…In non-ruminants it lias long been established that propionate is a glucogenic substance, and recent work of Phillipson (1947), Jan-ett (1948), Reid (1950), Jarrett and Potter (19rj0b) has sbown tbat this also applies to tbe ruminant. The marked rise wbieh oeeurred in the eoncentration of sugar, lactic and pyruvic acids in tbe blood after tbe propionate injection, supports tbe obsei-\'atioiis of Reid (1950) tbat propionate is effective in relievin.g bypoglycaemia in sbeep.…”

Section: -8mentioning

confidence: 98%

Lower Fatty Acids in the Intermediary Metabolism of Sheep

Jarrett

Filsell

1952

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Acetic, propionic and butyric acids which ai'e formed by bacterial fermentation in the paunch of ruminants assume an import^aiit role in the metabolism of these animals (Marston, 1939(Marston, , 1948 PhiUipson, 1947 PhiUipson, , 1948. Although the greater part of the energy requirements of the sheep are met by lower fatty acids which arise in this way by microbial dissimilation of carbohydrates, the capacity of the individual acids to provide useful energy to the animal probably differs widely (Marston, 1948). Thus, iu view of tlie "relatively large amounts of acetate and propionate that are dealt with each day by the sheep, the metabolic routes of these compounds are of considerable interest.The work of Ringer (1912) and of Deucl, Butts, Hallmau and Cutler (1935) revealed the glucogenic nature of propionate when administered to dogs, and this is also true for the phlorhizinised sheep (PhiUipson, 1947;Jarrett, 1948). Reid (1950) has shown that the hypoglycaemia produced by injection of insulin is relieved by propionate.The metabolic effect of butyric acid ha.s usually been considered in relation to the metabolism of fat and to the production of ketone bodies (Stadie, 1946). However, there is evidence to indicate that carbon atoms of butyrate may be incorporated into liver glycogen (Lifson, Lorber, Sakami and Wood, 1948).Acetate is known to be an important source of carbon atoms for a number of biological syntheses (Bloch, 1947), and although observations of the fate of acetic acid in phlorhizinised animals (Ringer and Lusk, 1910;Deuel and Milhorat, 1928;Jarrett and Potter, 1950a) indicate that acetate is not glucogenic, Lorbor, Lifson and Wood (1945) suggest that carbon atoms from acetate may be incorporated in the glucose molecule. It seems probable, however, that while glucose cannot be formed from acetate itself, their metabolism is interlinked.As a part of an investigation of intermediary metabolism of fatty acids in the sheep, the fate of acetate and butyrate in relation to propionate when injected into the blood stream has been examined. A group of twelve Merino ewes ael. 3-5 years were confined to peii9 and fed on chaffed wheaten hay and lucerne. During the period of the experiment the animals were kept in metaboUsm cages and food offered for 3-5 hours during the afternoonB.The concentrations of ketone bodies, of sugar and of lactic and iiyruvic acids were determined in the blood of seven of the sheep concurrently with those of the volatile aeids subsequent to tlie intravenous injection of 5 mM/kg. of acetic or propionic acids or of a mixture of the two. These solutions were neutralized to pH 7-0 with caustic soda; the volume administered was 120 ml. for the individual acids aniT 240 ml. for the mixture. Similar observations were carried out on five of the sheep after the injection of bntyric acid. A few experiments were also performed using 2-5 luM/kg. instead of the larger amount of acid. In addition, observations were made following the injection of a solution of hypertonic saline or of a solution o...

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Section: -8mentioning

confidence: 98%

Lower Fatty Acids in the Intermediary Metabolism of Sheep

Jarrett

Filsell

1952

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…The pH values were then adjusted to the animal's temperature by a standard method (Bradley, Stupfel and Severinghaus, 1956). Chlorides were measured in a Cotlove chloridometer, and haemoglobin and haematocrit by standard methods (Consolazio, Johnson and Pecora, 1963;Peters and Van Slyke, 1932); blood volume was derived by the Evans' blue dye method (Consolazio et al, 1963). Potassium was measured every three minutes during the infusion of potassium chloride.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hyperkalaemia Upon the General and Coronary Haemodynamics of the Dog

Maxwell¹

1965

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…2. When the fermentation had ceased the dissolved CO, in the fermentation liquid was determined by the method described by Peters & van Slyke (1932) for urine. The results are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%