Quantitative changes in total RNA, total poly(A), and ribosomes in early mouse embryos

Pikó, Lajos; Clegg, Kerry B.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(82)90325-6

Cited by 353 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The relative absence of G1 and G5 mRNA, compared with protein in early embryos is unlikely to be due to a lack of sensitivity of the amplification because our dilution experiments showed that it is possible to amplify all HLA-G isoforms from a single JEG-3 cell and from as little as 10 pg of total RNA. Although there are no data for humans, the average total RNA in mouse 2-, 4-, 8-to 16-, and 32-cell embryos is 350, 240, 690, and 1470 pg, respectively (18), and in addition, the volume of the human embryo is four times larger than that of the mouse. HLA-G5 mRNA was found in two-to four-cell embryos when pools of 10 embryos each were used (thereby increasing the cell numbers to between 20 and 80), but only in one of the four pools studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Differential Expression of Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of HLA-G in Human Preimplantation Embryos and Inner Cell Masses

Yao

Barlow

Sargent

2005

The Journal of Immunology

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It has been reported that preimplantation human embryos secrete HLA-G, and the levels may be predictive of their ability to implant. However, it is not known which of the membrane-bound (HLA-G 1–4) and soluble (HLA-G 5–6) alternatively spliced forms are present, nor the developmental stage at which they appear. Therefore, we have investigated HLA-G mRNA isoform expression on single embryos at the two-, four-, six-, and eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages. The percentage of embryos expressing each HLA-G isoform mRNA increased with developmental stage, but contrary to expectation, HLA-G5 mRNA was not detected in single two- to eight-cell embryos and was only expressed by 20% of morulae and blastocysts. Similarly, soluble HLA-G6 mRNA was not detected until the blastocyst stage and then in only one-third of embryos. In contrast, labeling with MEM G/9 Ab (specific for HLA-G1 and -G5) was observed in 15 of 20 two- to eight-cell embryos and 5 of 5 blastocysts. This disparity between mRNA and protein may be due to HLA-G protein remaining from maternal oocyte stores produced before embryonic genome activation and brings into question the measurement of soluble HLA-G for clinical evaluation of embryo quality. Although HLA-G is expressed in the preimplantation embryo, later it is primarily expressed in the invasive trophoblast of the placenta rather than the fetus. Therefore, we have investigated whether down-regulation of HLA-G first occurs in the inner cell mass (precursor fetal cells) of the blastocyst and, in support of this concept, have shown the absence HLA-G1 and -G5 protein and mRNA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is known that fertilized oocyte transcription is silenced in the early stages of embryo development and ϳ90% oocyte maternal mRNAs degrade in the 2 cell stage (18). The store of proteins in the fertilized oocyte is sufficient to support embryo development to the 8 cell stage (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of HLA-G in Human Preimplantation Embryos and Inner Cell Masses

Yao

Barlow

Sargent

2005

The Journal of Immunology

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“…A process of deadenylation, adenylation, and degradation of maternal mRNA is initiated during meiotic maturation that results in a net loss of about 30% of the polyadenylated mRNA pool between the fully grown oocyte and ovulated oocyte stages (Bachvarova et al, 1985;Paynton et al, 1988). Active turnover of poly-(A) tails continues in the one-cell embryo (Clegg and Piko, 1983a,b) and by the mid-two-cell stage most of the poly-(Abcontaining mRNA is degraded (Piko and Clegg, 1982). The maternal stores for mRNAs that encode actin and histone proteins are reduced by roughly tenfold during this interval (Giebelhaus et al, 1983;Graves et al, 1985).…”

Section: Mouse Preimplantation Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition from maternal to embryonic control in early mammalian development: A comparison of several species

Telford

Watson

Schultz

1990

Molecular Reproduction Devel

799

435

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“…For example, Xenopus embryos depend on maternal ribosomes synthesized during oogenesis until well after gastrulation (Pierandrei-Amaldi et al 1982;Baum and Wormington 1985). Mammalian oocytes store fewer ribosomes during oogenesis, and the synthesis of ribosomal proteins in the embryo begins almost immediately after fertilization, as early as the eight-cell stage in mouse (La Marca and Wassarman 1979;Piko and Clegg 1982). Thus, different organisms regulate the synthesis of ribosomal proteins in accord with the protein synthesis requirements of their developmental strategies, which may differ greatly.…”

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confidence: 99%

The organization and expression of a maize ribosomal protein gene family.

Larkin¹,

Hunsperger

Culley

et al. 1989

Genes Dev.

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We have isolated several Zea mays cDNAs encoding the 40S subunit ribosomal protein S14. In maize, this ribosomal protein is encoded by a small multigene family, at least three members of which are expressed. S14 transcript levels are highest in mitotically active tissues, such as seedling shoot, developing endosperm, and tassel primordia, and lowest in tissues with little cell division, such as mature leaf and root. Very little S14 RNA is present in pollen, suggesting that translation of pollen mRNAs during pollen germination uses preformed ribosomes. During kernel development, the highest levels of S14 transcripts in endosperm tissue are found at 10-12 days postpollination; S14 RNA levels decline continuously from this point onward. The period of maximal expression of the S14 ribosomal protein gene appears to precede the onset of storage protein synthesis and does not correlate with the reported times of increased nucleolar volume or genome amplification.

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Quantitative changes in total RNA, total poly(A), and ribosomes in early mouse embryos

Cited by 353 publications

References 53 publications

Differential Expression of Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of HLA-G in Human Preimplantation Embryos and Inner Cell Masses

Differential Expression of Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of HLA-G in Human Preimplantation Embryos and Inner Cell Masses

Transition from maternal to embryonic control in early mammalian development: A comparison of several species

The organization and expression of a maize ribosomal protein gene family.

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