Quantitative Analysis of Histochemical Reactions: Image Analysis of Light and Electron Microscopic Radioautograms.

Nagata, T.

doi:10.1267/ahc.26.281

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…However, it is very troublesome work to count the number of silver grains on many photographs one by one. In order to reduce the labor involved in grain counting, we first tried to quantitate the number of silver grains on LMRAG as well as on EMRAG by means of various image analyzers available at that time (1970-80s), such as PPA 250 (Rhesca, Tokyo, Japan), Digigramer G (Mutoh Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan), MOP (Kontron, München, Germany), IBAS II (Carl-Zeiss, Jena, Germany), Quadra 900 (Macintosh, Cupertino, CA, USA), Luzex III (Nireco, Tokyo, Japan) [26,27,41] and then later to quantify the silver content on EMRAG using X-ray microanalyzers with analytical electron microscopes [27,28,32,36]. As for the X-ray microanalysis on EMRAG, we initially used either a Hitachi H-700 electron microscope equipped with Horiba EMAX-1800E, the energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer by STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) mode, or a JEOL JEM 200CX equipped with Kevex 7000-77, where the specimens were observed by STEM mode at accelerating voltages of 100-200 kV.…”

Section: Silver Grains In Radioautographs (Ag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility Value of High Voltage Electron Microscopy for X-Ray Microanalysis

Nagata

2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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X-ray microanalysis is a useful technique to qualify and quantify basic elements in biological specimens. This article reviews the principles and techniques for applying intermediate high voltage electron microscopy to Xray microanalysis of various elements in biological specimens developed in our laboratory since the late 20th century. We first quantified the endproducts of histochemical reactions such as Ag in radioautographs, Ce in acid phosphatase reaction and Au in colloidal gold immunostaining using semi-thin sections by high voltage electron microscopy at 300-400 kV. We then analyzed various trace elements such as Zn, Ca, and S, which originally existed in the cytoplasmic matrix or cell organelles of various cells in different organs, and some absorbed elements introduced by experimental administration into cells and tissues such as Al, using both conventional chemical fixation and cryofixation followed by cryo-sectioning, freeze-drying, or freeze-substitution. As a result, we showed that the peak to background (P/B) ratios of all the elements analyzed had high P/B ratios at 300-400 kV. It was concluded that X-ray microanalysis using semi-thin sections by high voltage electron microscopy is of great utility for quantifying trace elements in biological specimens.

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Section: Silver Grains In Radioautographs (Ag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility Value of High Voltage Electron Microscopy for X-Ray Microanalysis

Nagata

2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…Quantification of silver grains in the nucleoli, chromatin, and cell body were carried out by X-ray microanalysis [58,[73][74][75] which verified the results obtained by visual grain counting. In EMRAG obtained from the pancreas of fetal day 19 embryos, newborn day 1 and newborn day 14 mice labeled with 3 H-uridine, demonstrating RNA synthesis, the numbers of silver grains in the nucleoli, nuclear chromatin and cytoplasm increased [58,59,[73][74][75][76][77]. In order to quantify the silver contents of grains observed over the nucleoli, nuclei and cytoplasm, X-ray spectra were recorded by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (JEM-4000EX TN5400), demonstrating Ag-K peaks at higher energies.…”

Section: Saj Biotechnolmentioning

confidence: 68%

Ageing Associated Changes in Macromolecule Synthesis in the Endocrine Organs as Revealed by Microscopic Radioautography

Nagata¹

2015

Scholarena Journal of Biotechnology

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The endocrine systems of men and experimental animals such as rat and mouse consist of several endocrine organs such as the thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, testis or ovary. The term "Cell Ageing" initially means how the cells change due to their ageing. It contains 2 meanings, one how a cell changes when it is isolated from in vivo original animals or plants such as in vitro cells in cell culture, while the other means how all the cells of an animal or a plant change in vivo due to the ageing of the individual animal or plant. I had first studied the meaning of cell ageing many years ago (more than 50 years) how a cell changed when it was isolated from original experimental animals such as mice and rats by cell culture [1][2][3], and then moved to the study on the latter cell ageing, i.e., how all the cells of an experimental animal change in vivo due to the ageing of the individual prenatal and postnatal animal [4][5][6][7][8].Recently, I have been studying the ageing changes from the viewpoint of the cell nutrients those were incorporated and synthesized into various cells in individual animals during their ageing [9]. Therefore, this article deals with only the cell ageing of animal cells in vivo, how the metabolism, i.e., incorporations and syntheses of respective nutrients, the macromolecular precursors, in various kinds of cells change due to the ageing of individual experimental animals such as mice and rats by means of microscopic radioautography. The incorporations and syntheses of various nutrients such as DNA, RNA, proteins, glucides, lipids and others in various kinds of cells of endocrine systems such as thyroid, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreatic islet cells or reproductive cells should be reviewed referring many original papers already published from our laboratory. Ageing Associated Changes in Macromolecule Synthesis in the EndocrineOrgans as Revealed by Microscopic Radioautography The endocrine system of men and experimental animals consists of several endocrine organs. The term "Cell Ageing" initially means how the cells change due to their ageing. It contains 2 meanings, one how a cell changes when it is isolated from original animals or plants such as in vitro cells in cell culture, while the other means how all the cells of an animal or a plant changes in vivo due to the ageing of the individual animal or plant. I have been studying the latter changes from the viewpoint of the cell nutrients, the precursors for the macromolecular synthesis such as DNA, RNA, proteins, glucides and lipids, which are incorporated and synthesized into various cells of individual animals. Therefore, this article deals with only the cell ageing of animal cells in vivo, how the metabolism, i.e., incorporations and syntheses of respective nutrient precursors in various kinds of cells change due to the ageing of individual experimental animals such as mice and rats by means of microscopic radioautography to localize the RI-labeled precursors. The incorporations and syntheses of various precursors for macromolecule...

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“…We first studied the DNA synthesis in the liver tissues at various ages from embryo to postnatal 2 years (Nagata 1993a,b, 1994a,b,c,d, 1995a,b,c,d, 1996a,b,c,d, 1997a,b,c, 1998a,b,c, 1999a,b,c, 2002, Nagata and Nawa 1966b. The results obtained from the tissues of 3 groups of animals injected respectively with 3 kinds of RI-labeled precursors, i.e.…”

Section: The Dna Synthesis In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification of silver grains in the nucleoli, chromatin, and cell body were carried out by X-ray microanalysis (Nagata 1991, 2004, Nagata and Usuda 1985, which verified the results obtained by visual grain counting. In EMRAG obtained from the pancreas of fetal day 19 embryos, newborn day 1 and newborn day 14 mice labeled with 3 H-uridine, demonstrating RNA synthesis, the number of silver grains in the nucleoli, nuclear chromatin and cytoplasm increased (Nagata 1985, 1993a,b, 2004, Nagata and Usuda 1985, 1986. In order to quantify the silver contents of grains observed over the nucleoli, nuclei and cytoplasm, X-ray spectra were recorded by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (JEM-4000EX TN5400), demonstrating Ag-Ka peaks at higher energies.…”

Section: The Rna Synthesis In the Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Synthesis in the Digestive and Respiratory Systems

Nagata¹

2012

Senescence

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IntroductionThis second chapter deals with the second parts of the application of microscopic radioautography to some of the visceral organ systems. The visceral organs can be divided into 5 organ systems according to anatomy and histology, i.e., the digestive system, the respiratory system, the urinary system, the reproductive system and the endocrine system. Among of them the digestive system consists of 2 parts, i.e., the digestive tract and the digestive glands. The former consists of simple tube structures such as the oral cavity, the esophagus, the stomach and the intestines, while the latter consists of complicated glandular structures such as the large digestive glands , i.e., the liver and the pancreas, while the respiratory system consists of 2 parts, one the respiratory tract such as the nose, the pharynx, the trachea, the bronchus, and final essential part the lungs. This chapter deals with the digestive organs and the respiratory organs, respectively. Macromolecular synthesis in the digestive systemThe digestive system consists of the digestive tract and the digestive glands. The digestive tract can be divided into several portions, from the upper part to the lower part, i.e., the oral cavity, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, the small and large intestines and the anus, while the digestive glands consist of the large glands such as the salivary glands, the liver and the pancreas and the small glands affiliated to the digestive tracts in the gastrointestinal walls such as the gastric glands including the fundic gland and the pyloric gland, the intestinal glands of Lieberkühn and the duodenal glands of Brunner. We have published many papers from our laboratory dealing with the macromolecular synthesis in respective digestive organs from the oral cavity to the gastrointestinal tracts and the digestive glands

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Quantitative Analysis of Histochemical Reactions: Image Analysis of Light and Electron Microscopic Radioautograms.

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

The Utility Value of High Voltage Electron Microscopy for X-Ray Microanalysis

The Utility Value of High Voltage Electron Microscopy for X-Ray Microanalysis

Ageing Associated Changes in Macromolecule Synthesis in the Endocrine Organs as Revealed by Microscopic Radioautography

Macromolecular Synthesis in the Digestive and Respiratory Systems

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