Quantitative Analysis of 3D Tissue Deformation Reveals Key Cellular Mechanism Associated with Initial Heart Looping

Abstract

Highlights d Quantifying tissue and/or cell dynamics is essential for revealing morphogenetic mechanisms d Initial heart looping is achieved by left-right asymmetry in the direction of tissue deformation d The tissue-scale asymmetry is caused by right-specific directional cell rearrangement d The directional cell rearrangement occurs in a F-actindependent manner

Left-handed cardiac looping by cell chirality is mediated by position-specific convergent extensions

“…The result was in agreement with the observations by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). We also performed a similar examination of the right-handed helical loop (with a +75° anisotropic angle) and obtained similar results, as shown in Fig.…”

“…5 A shows that the aR region extended longitudinally and the aL region extended with curving, which was compatible with the observations of the chick embryonic heart by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). In the posterior region, the results were the opposite.…”

Left-handed cardiac looping by cell chirality is mediated by position-specific convergent extensions

“…The result was in agreement with the observations by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). We also performed a similar examination of the right-handed helical loop (with a +75° anisotropic angle) and obtained similar results, as shown in Fig.…”

“…5 A shows that the aR region extended longitudinally and the aL region extended with curving, which was compatible with the observations of the chick embryonic heart by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). In the posterior region, the results were the opposite.…”

A method for investigating spatiotemporal growth patterns at cell and tissue levels during C-looping in the embryonic chick heart

“…The asymmetrical pattern of the significant stretch of the anterior side versus posterior side of the dorsal region could also be involved in the rightward rotation. This pattern is in line with a recently reported left/right asymmetry of the tissue deformation ( Kawahira et al., 2020 ). However, our results reveal that there also exists a differential deformation pattern between the ventral and dorsal sides.…”

Topological defects and coherent myocardial chirality shape torsional heart contraction

“…In C. elegans , active torques generated by the actomyosin cortex contribute to symmetry breaking at the embryonic scale [38]. Cardiomyocytes themselves exhibit cell-autonomous chiral behaviour: isolated chick cardiomyocytes rotate with a preferred handedness in vitro, driven by N-cadherin and asymmetric phospho-myosin II [39, 40], providing a plausible actomyosin-based cellular origin for the CCW transmural fibre twist.…”

Left-handed cardiac looping by cell chirality is mediated by position-specific convergent extensions

“…The result was in agreement with the observations by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). We also performed a similar examination of the right-handed helical loop (with a +75° anisotropic angle) and obtained similar results, as shown in Fig.…”

“…5 A shows that the aR region extended longitudinally and the aL region extended with curving, which was compatible with the observations of the chick embryonic heart by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). In the posterior region, the results were the opposite.…”

A method for investigating spatiotemporal growth patterns at cell and tissue levels during C-looping in the embryonic chick heart

“…The asymmetrical pattern of the significant stretch of the anterior side versus posterior side of the dorsal region could also be involved in the rightward rotation. This pattern is in line with a recently reported left/right asymmetry of the tissue deformation ( Kawahira et al., 2020 ). However, our results reveal that there also exists a differential deformation pattern between the ventral and dorsal sides.…”

Topological defects and coherent myocardial chirality shape torsional heart contraction

“…In C. elegans , active torques generated by the actomyosin cortex contribute to symmetry breaking at the embryonic scale [38]. Cardiomyocytes themselves exhibit cell-autonomous chiral behaviour: isolated chick cardiomyocytes rotate with a preferred handedness in vitro, driven by N-cadherin and asymmetric phospho-myosin II [39, 40], providing a plausible actomyosin-based cellular origin for the CCW transmural fibre twist.…”

Left-handed cardiac looping by cell chirality is mediated by position-specific convergent extensions

“…The result was in agreement with the observations by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). We also performed a similar examination of the right-handed helical loop (with a +75° anisotropic angle) and obtained similar results, as shown in Fig.…”

“…5 A shows that the aR region extended longitudinally and the aL region extended with curving, which was compatible with the observations of the chick embryonic heart by Kawahira et al. ( 17 ). In the posterior region, the results were the opposite.…”

A method for investigating spatiotemporal growth patterns at cell and tissue levels during C-looping in the embryonic chick heart

“…The asymmetrical pattern of the significant stretch of the anterior side versus posterior side of the dorsal region could also be involved in the rightward rotation. This pattern is in line with a recently reported left/right asymmetry of the tissue deformation ( Kawahira et al., 2020 ). However, our results reveal that there also exists a differential deformation pattern between the ventral and dorsal sides.…”

Topological defects and coherent myocardial chirality shape torsional heart contraction

“…In C. elegans , active torques generated by the actomyosin cortex contribute to symmetry breaking at the embryonic scale [38]. Cardiomyocytes themselves exhibit cell-autonomous chiral behaviour: isolated chick cardiomyocytes rotate with a preferred handedness in vitro, driven by N-cadherin and asymmetric phospho-myosin II [39, 40], providing a plausible actomyosin-based cellular origin for the CCW transmural fibre twist.…”