Quantitation of the three normally occurring plasma fibrinogens in health and during socalled “acute phase” by SDS electro-phoresis of fibrin obtained from EDTA-plasma

The Assembly of Nonadhesive Fibrinogen Matrices Depends on the αC Regions of the Fibrinogen Molecule

“…Typical plasma-derived fibrinogen contains a major fraction with intact ␣C regions, HMW-Fg (50 -70%), and a minor fraction with one or two ␣C regions degraded, LMW-Fg and LMWЈ-Fg, respectively (44,45). The fraction with both ␣C regions truncated is elevated in patients with peripheral vascular diseases, liver disease, or diabetes and in the elderly (27)(28)(29)45). A substantial amount of the molecules without the ␣C regions is produced during thrombolytic therapy (46).…”

Quantitative reagent-free detection of fibrinogen levels in human blood plasma using Raman spectroscopy

“…The observed peaks primarily show the tyrosine/phenylalanine twisting doublet at 621/642 cm 1 while the 35 tyrosine ring breathing doublet can be seen at 829/860 cm 1 . The sharpest and most dominant peak at 1003 cm 1 is attributed to the phenylalanine symmetric breathing mode while CH 2 bending appears at 1446 cm 1 and the C=O stretching mode of Amide I at 1657 cm 1 . The Raman spectrum of crystalline fibrinogen 40 contains similar features, but notably has strong contributions from tryptophan at 758 cm 1 and 1552 cm 1 .…”

“…The sharpest and most dominant peak at 1003 cm 1 is attributed to the phenylalanine symmetric breathing mode while CH 2 bending appears at 1446 cm 1 and the C=O stretching mode of Amide I at 1657 cm 1 . The Raman spectrum of crystalline fibrinogen 40 contains similar features, but notably has strong contributions from tryptophan at 758 cm 1 and 1552 cm 1 . This is surprising as fibrinogen does not have a high tryptophan content, but may be due to sample impurities or alignment of tryptophan moieties in the crystalline sample.…”

“…Raman scatter was collected in a back scattered configuration through a 100 μm confocal aperture onto a spectrograph/Peltier 90 cooled Synapse CCD detector. A 300 line/mm grating was used to scan a spectral region between 400 -1800 cm 1 , achieving a dispersion of ~1.5 cm 1 per pixel. Calibration was performed with reference to the 520.7 cm 1 peak of crystalline Si, and spectra were corrected for detector dark noise, system optics and system 95 spectral response through the use of a Raman Intensity Correction Standard (SRM 2241, NIST).…”

“…During circulation, fibrinogen is degraded into various molecular 30 weights, 69.7 % remaining in the original high molecular weight (HMW) form (340 kDa), 26.5 % as low molecular weight (LMW') fibrinogens (305 kDa) and the remaining 3.8% in the low molecular weight (LMW) configuration of 270 kDa, as a result of the consecutive removal of a 35 kDa carboxyterminal 35 polypeptide from one of the Aa chains. 1 Epidemiological studies have demonstrated elevated levels of fibrinogen in blood to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and coronary heart disease 2, 3 , while low fibrinogen levels are seen as an important diagnostic physiological variable in pathological conditions 40 including various haemorrhagic states, disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver disease and during thrombolytic/defibrination therapy. 4 Fibrinogen concentration has also been shown to be an independent prognostic parameter in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer.…”