Quantifying Stream Substrate for Habitat Analysis Studies

Bain, Mark B.; Finn, John T.; Booke, Henry E.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1985)5<499:qssfha>2.0.co;2

Cited by 194 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Current velocity was taken at 60 % of water depth at each point (FP111 Flow Probe, USA). Along each transect, the proportion of substrate categories (particle size 100-1 mm; 201-5 mm; 305-25 mm; 4025-50 mm; 5050-100 mm; 60100-500 mm; 70500-1,000 mm; 8>1,000 mm) was visually estimated, and an index of substrate coarseness ranging from 1 to 8 was derived for each site following Bain et al (1985).…”

Section: Fish Sampling and Habitat Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of low-head dams on the fish assemblages in the headwater streams of the Qingyi watershed, China

et al. 2012

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The influences of low-head dams on the fish assemblages were examined in this study, using fish data collected in six treatment and five reference sites at three low-head dams in the headwater streams of the Qingyi watershed, China. Comparing with those in the reference sites, local habitat variables were significantly altered by low-head dams in the treatment sites, involving wider channel (only in the impoundment area), deeper water and slower flow. Fish species richness varied significantly across seasons, not across site categories, suggesting that these low-head dams did not alter species richness. However, significant decreases in fish abundance and density were observed in the impoundment areas immediately upstream of dams, but not in the plunge areas downstream. Fish assemblage structures kept relative stability across seasons, and their significant difference between-site was only observed between the impoundment areas and the sites far from dams upstream. This variation in assemblage structures was due to the differing relative abundance of some cooccurring species; more lentic but less lotic fish was observed in the impoundment areas. The spatial and temporal patterns of fish assemblages were correlated with local habitat in this study area. Wetted width had negative correlation with fish species richness, abundance and density, respectively. Water temperature also positively affected species richness. In addition, wetted width, water depth, current velocity and substrate were the important habitat variables influencing assemblage structures. Our results suggested that, by modifying local habitat characteristics, low-head dams altered fish abundance and density in the impoundment areas immediately upstream of dam, not in the plunge areas immediately downstream, and thereby influenced fish assemblage structures in these stream segments.

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Section: Fish Sampling and Habitat Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of low-head dams on the fish assemblages in the headwater streams of the Qingyi watershed, China

et al. 2012

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“…At each kick-sample location, width, depth, and velocity (McBirney Digital Flo-Mate 2000) were measured. Substrate in the channel bed was quantified using Bain's substrate classes (Bain et al 1985), and filamentous algal cover on the substrate was estimated as the average percentage of cover in the 0.9 m 2 area of kick-sample locations. Turbidity, conductivity, percentage of algal cover, daily average temperature, channel depth and width, and elevation were considered as candidates for regression models in this study.…”

Section: Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between macroinvertebrate taxa and complex environmental gradients influencing abundance and distribution in the Umatilla River, Northeastern Oregon

Scherr

Wooster²,

Rao

2011

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Non-parametric multiplicative regression was used to develop regression models for six macroinvertebrate genera present in the Umatilla River in northeastern Oregon. For all taxa, elevation, turbidity, and conductivity were identified as predictors. They described between 25.5% and 63.4% of the variation in the abundance of the six taxa. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters showed the relative importance of the model parameters as predictors of abundance, with conductivity having a broader range of sensitivity values than either elevation or turbidity. Daily average temperature, percentage of algal cover, depth, and width were also shown to be possible predictors of taxa abundance. As all the variables examined in this study are potentially impacted by non-target effects of agriculture in rivers, these results indicated that agriculture disturbance in the adjacent landscape affects the abundance and distribution of benthic indicator taxa.

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“…We quantified substrate composition by assigning codes to substrate size classes in the following manner: 1 ¼ silt, 2 ¼ sand, 3 ¼ gravel and 4 ¼ cobble/boulder (e.g. Bain et al, 1985;Inoue and Nunokawa, 2002;Negishi and Richardson, 2003). A substrate composition score ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 was calculated based on the proportion of each substrate type at each sampling location.…”

Section: Physicochemical Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grade control structures on the macroinvertebrate assemblage of an agriculturally impacted stream

Litvan

Stewart

Pierce

et al. 2007

River Research & Apps

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Nearly 400 rock rip-rap grade control structures (hereafter GCS) were recently placed in streams of western Iowa, USA to reduce streambank erosion and protect bridge infrastructure and farmland. In this region, streams are characterized by channelized reaches, highly incised banks and silt and sand substrates that normally support low macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Therefore, GCS composed of rip-rap provide the majority of coarse substrate habitat for benthic macroinvertebrates in these streams. We sampled 20 sites on Walnut Creek, Montgomery County, Iowa to quantify macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics (1) on GCS rip-rap and at sites located (2) 5-50 m upstream of GCS, (3) 5-50 m downstream of GCS and (4) at least 1 km from any GCS (five sites each). Macroinvertebrate biomass, numerical densities and diversity were greatest at sites with coarse substrates, including GCS sites and one natural riffle site and relatively low at remaining sites with soft substrates. Densities of macroinvertebrates in the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Acariformes were abundant on GCS rip-rap. Increases in macroinvertebrate biomass, density and diversity at GCS may improve local efficiency of breakdown of organic matter and nutrient and energy flow, and provide enhanced food resources for aquatic vertebrates. However, lack of positive macroinvertebrate responses immediately upstream and downstream of GCS suggest that positive effects might be restricted to the small areas of streambed covered by GCS. Improved understanding of GCS effects at both local and ecosystem scales is essential for stream management when these structures are present. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. ABSTRACTNearly 400 rock rip-rap grade control structures (hereafter GCS) were recently placed in streams of western Iowa, USA to reduce streambank erosion and protect bridge infrastructure and farmland. In this region, streams are characterized by channelized reaches, highly incised banks and silt and sand substrates that normally support low macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Therefore, GCS composed of rip-rap provide the majority of coarse substrate habitat for benthic macroinvertebrates in these streams. We sampled 20 sites on Walnut Creek, Montgomery County, Iowa to quantify macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics (1) on GCS rip-rap and at sites located (2) 5-50 m upstream of GCS, (3) 5-50 m downstream of GCS and (4) at least 1 km from any GCS (five sites each). Macroinvertebrate biomass, numerical densities and diversity were greatest at sites with coarse substrates, including GCS sites and one natural riffle site and relatively low at remaining sites with soft substrates. Densities of macroinvertebrates in the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Acariformes were abundant on GCS rip-rap. Increases in macroinvertebrate biomass, ...

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Quantifying Stream Substrate for Habitat Analysis Studies

Cited by 194 publications

References 2 publications

Influences of low-head dams on the fish assemblages in the headwater streams of the Qingyi watershed, China

Influences of low-head dams on the fish assemblages in the headwater streams of the Qingyi watershed, China

Interactions between macroinvertebrate taxa and complex environmental gradients influencing abundance and distribution in the Umatilla River, Northeastern Oregon

Effects of grade control structures on the macroinvertebrate assemblage of an agriculturally impacted stream

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