Quantifying Cardinal Temperatures in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivars

Abstract

González, Juan A.; Sebastián E. Buedo; Marcela Bruno; Fernando E. Prado. 2017. "Quantifying Cardinal Temperaturas in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivars". Lilloa 54 (2). Seed germination and plant growth are affected by temperature. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on seed germination of ten quinoa cultivars under a temperature gradient between 8 ºC and 50 ºC. The time course of germination was fitted using a logistic function. Aborted seeds and non-germinated seeds were also analyzed as function of temperature gradient. Cardinal temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse time to 50% germination (germination rate) against temperature gradient. The minimum (T min), optimum (T opt) and maximum (T max) temperatures for seed germination were determined using both linear (bilinear model) and polynomial (quadratic and cubic models) regressions. Based on T opt estimated from bilinear and cubic models, quinoa seeds can be grouped into two subgroups: one represented by Kancolla, Chucapaca, Kamiri, Robura and Sajama cultivars with values of T opt £ 33 ºC, and other represented by CICA, Sayaña, Amilda, Ratuqui and Samaranti with T opt values  33 ºC, respectively. Percentages of maximum cumulative germination calculated from the quadratic model were closely similar to those obtained in germination trials.

Prospects for the accelerated improvement of the resilient crop quinoa

“…The optimal temperature for quinoa germination is ~20 °C ( González et al , 2017 ; Mamedi et al , 2017 ). Heat stress has profound effects on plant growth and development, affecting both vegetative and reproductive processes.…”

Effect of island guano on the yield of two varieties of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) on degraded soil

“…En las variables altura de planta, longitud de panoja, diámetro de grano, peso de mil granos y peso de granos por planta, se encontraron diferencias altamente significativas (p ≤ 0,01) para la interacción (suelo*tratamiento). Los resultados obtenidos indican cambios en el comportamiento de los tratamientos en suelo fértil y suelo degradado, se puede atribuir al efecto del uso de guano de islas, a la variación de las condiciones ambientales del suelo (González et al, 2017) y a la heterogeneidad del contenido de nutrientes presentes en el suelo al momento del establecimiento de los tratamientos (Pérez et al, 2008). La disponibilidad de nutrientes después de su aplicación está sujeta a las condiciones climáticas del suelo.…”

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“…In Chenopodium quinoa, the origin of the genotypes can be related to the germination temperatures of their seeds, for instance, in genotypes coming from three regions in Chile, those in the northern zone showed lower basal temperatures (9.4 ºC), but optimum (30 ºC) and maximum (50.6 ºC) temperatures higher than those in the central or southern zone, whose basal, optimum and maximum temperature were of 10.6, 27.8 and 44.9 ºC, respectively (Ayala-Pérez, 2018). Tm values higher in genotypes from the northern zone or Tarapacá region could be related with higher annual temperatures (from 11 to 19 ºC) that occur in this zone compared with the En este caso, las temperaturas base y óptimas fueron similares para ambas variedades, sin embargo, la máxima fue de 48.8 °C para Suyana y de 62.2 °C para Tunkahuan, lo que sugiere que el cultivo de esta última variedad puede ser exitoso en climas cálidos o secos y que ambas pueden prosperar en climas fríos, como los cultivares Sajama, Santamaría, Titicaca, Sayaña o Almida cuyos valores de Tb van de -2 a 2 °C (González et al, 2017;Mamedi et al, 2017).…”

“…as Sajama, Santamaría, Titicaca, Sayaña or Almida cultivars, which values of Tb go from -2 to 2 ºC (González et al, 2017;Mamedi et al, 2017).…”

“…Faced with this issue and due to the contribution of quinoa grains with food safety since they are gluten-free, have a high protein content (16 %) with a quality comparable to casein, iron, vitamins, antioxidants and amino acids such as lysine (Padrón et al, 2014;Zurita-Silvia et al, 2014;Wi et al, 2016), it is important to perform research where the effect of temperature on quinoa seeds germination is assessed, with the purpose of suggesting possible environments where its cultivation can be established. (Bewley & Black, 1994;Boreo et al, 2000;González et al, 2017). In the proximities of minimum or basal temperatures and maximum or threshold ones, the number of germinated seeds decreases with regards to the optimum temperature that in addition, presents the higher germination rate.…”