Quantification of the effect of instrumentation error in objective gait assessment in the horse on hindlimb symmetry parameters

Bragança, F. M. Serra; Rhodin, Marie; Wiestner, Thomas; Hernlund, Elin; Pfau, Thilo; Weeren, P. R. van; Weishaupt, Michael A

doi:10.1111/evj.12766

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Apart from the systematic factors and natural movement variability, between-measurement variation may also have been influenced by issues related to data collection and data quality. Marker placement plays an important role when using optical motion capture and the influence of incorrect marker placement is large when measuring spinal kinematics, because of small ROM; a small misplacement can have significant influence on the results [34]. Marker placement is likely partly responsible for the higher variation at recheck in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This can be explained by the pelvis behaving as a rigid body [35], whereas the back segments include anatomical locations containing various joints. Furthermore, marker configuration may play a role here; both tuber coxae and tuber sacrale markers form one single unit and are hence less prone to effects of marker (mis) placement [34]. Repeatability of the whole back flexion-extension and lateral bending is fairly good and similar for the different path and surface combinations (0.80-0.91), except for the hard, straight line in flexion-extension, where ICC is 0.51.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

et al. 2020

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Clinical assessment of spinal motion in horses is part of many routine clinical exams but remains highly subjective. A prerequisite for the quantification of spinal motion is the assessment of the expected normal range of motion and variability of back kinematics. The aim of this study was to objectively quantify spinal kinematics and between-measurement,-surface and-day variation in owner-sound horses. In an observational study, twelve ownersound horses were trotted 12 times on four different paths (hard/soft straight line, soft lunge left and right). Measurements were divided over three days, with five repetitions on day one and two, and two repetitions on day three (recheck) which occurred 28-55 days later. Optical motion capture was used to collect kinematic data. Elements of the outcome were: 1) Ranges of Motion (ROM) with confidence intervals per path and surface, 2) a variability model to calculate between-measurement variation and test the effect of time, surface and path, 3) intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to determine repeatability. ROM was lowest on the hard straight line. Cervical lateral bending was doubled on the left compared to the right lunge. Mean variation for the flexion-extension and lateral bending of the whole back were 0.8 and 1 degrees. Pelvic motion showed a variation of 1.0 (pitch), 0.7 (yaw) and 1.3 (roll) degrees. For these five parameters, a tendency for more variation on the hard surface and reduced variation with increased repetitions was observed. More variation was seen on the recheck (p<0.001). ICC values for pelvic rotations were between 0.76 and 0.93, for the whole back flexion-extension and lateral bending between 0.51 and 0.91. Between-horse variation was substantially higher than within-horse variation. In conclusion, ROM and variation in spinal biomechanics are horse-specific and small, necessitating individual analysis and making subjective and objective clinical assessment of spinal kinematics challenging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

et al. 2020

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“…Apart from the systematic factors and natural movement variability, between-measurement variation may also have been influenced by issues related to data collection and data quality. Marker placement plays an important role when using optical motion capture and the influence of incorrect marker placement is large when measuring spinal kinematics, because of small ROM; a small misplacement can have significant influence on the results(32). Marker placement is likely partly responsible for the higher variation at recheck in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be explained by the pelvis behaving as a rigid body(33), whereas the back segments regard anatomical locations containing various joints. Furthermore, marker configuration may play a role here; both tuber coxae and tuber sacrale markers form one single unit and are hence less prone to effects of marker (mis)placement (32). Repeatability of the whole back flexion-extension and lateral bending is fairly good and similar for the different path and surface combinations (0.80-0.91), except for the hard, straight line in flexion-extension, where ICC is 0.51.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Hardeman

Byström

Roepstorff

et al. 2019

Preprint

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18 Clinical assessment of spinal motion in horses is part of many routine clinical exams but 19 remains highly subjective. A prerequisite for the quantification is the assessment of the 20 expected normal range of motion and variability of back kinematics. The aim of this study was 21 to objectively quantify spinal kinematics and between -measurement, -surface and -day 22 38 biomechanics are horse-specific and small, necessitating individual analysis and making 39 subjective clinical assessment of spinal kinematics challenging. 40 41

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“…These techniques were shown to be very promising non-invasive motion capture options [13]. Recently, Serra Braganc ßa et al [14] quantified the effect of misplacement of markers or motion-sensors for gait analysis quantification, showing that in hindlimb lameness, marker misplacement significantly affects the calculated symmetry parameters of the pelvis. Errors like this can be misleading in cases of mild lameness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Practical uses of quantitative gait analysis in horses

Álvarez

Weeren

2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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When we hear 'gait analysis' we immediately think 'lameness'. This is not surprising because these technologies are used to measure values that relate to lameness, in both clinical and experimental setups. However, there are many other practical uses of equine quantitative gait that can be used in clinics and training centres with the goal of improving equine health and performance. Some may require more, and others less, advanced equipment and expertise, but all current technologies are aiming to become more user-friendly for the equine practitioner. Quantitative gait analysis can identify and measure potential gait disturbances in horses with musculoskeletal or neurological conditions. Its use in aiding lameness diagnosis and monitoring is mainly based on measuring gait asymmetries, determining whether those asymmetries are over pre-set thresholds and deciding on their clinical relevance. Much work has already been done to investigate symmetry and asymmetry values of the motion of various body parts (including vertical displacement of head, withers and pelvis; joint angle parameters of the limbs and vertebral column), stride parameters and limb loading; as well as the symmetry values seen under different conditions such as different disciplines, training, type of terrain, with or without a rider and during lungeing or when moving over a straight line [1-7]. Further refinement of knowledge on gait parameters is still warranted, and research in the area will not cease as technologies evolve. Although perfectly suited for the purpose, quantitative gait analysis has been used in very few studies of neurological conditions. Gait parameters relevant to ataxia have been successfully measured in an experimental study [8]. In a kinematic study with clinically ataxic and non-ataxic horses, Olsen et al. [9] showed that motion capture equipment can objectively aid the assessment of horses with ataxia. These studies show that this type of analysis has the potential to aid diagnosis in neurological cases and monitor the impact of their treatment. Quantitative gait analysis can be applied in the evaluation of training and exercise programmes, and sport-specific biomechanics. Investigating the biomechanical horse-rider interaction in international endurance competition, two accelerometers recorded the vertical displacements of horse and rider to analyse riding techniques during different gaits in elite and advanced horse-rider dyads. Advanced duos maintained a more stable speed and elite duos increased the use of the sitting canter, while both groups used 2-point trot less often than other strategies. The study highlights the great potential of accelerometer-based wearables to characterise gait and riding strategies [1]. Using also accelerometer-based devices, Heim et al. [2] established the normal values for latero-medial and dorso-ventral range of motion (ROM) of the vertebral column in 27 Franches-Montagnes stallions and compared it with a group of mix-bred horses trotting under different exercising conditions. Variability ...

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Quantification of the effect of instrumentation error in objective gait assessment in the horse on hindlimb symmetry parameters

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Practical uses of quantitative gait analysis in horses

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