Quantification of principal horizontal stresses inside a tunnel: An application of Fracture induced Electromagnetic Radiation (FEMR) technique in the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalayas

Das, Sarmistha; Mallik, Jyotirmoy; Deb, Tanwita; Das, Dip

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105882

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It has also been used to visualize the modification and realignment of stresses inside tunnels. It has been a precursory tool for geohazards such as landslide delineation and earthquake forecasting [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . Various lab experiments have been conducted on several materials to comprehend the FEMR response through them and determine the fractures' physical parameters leading to the FEMR-generated pulses.…”

Section: Femr Models and Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent times, seismo-electromagnetic studies have enabled real-time monitoring of the fracture process not just pertaining to laboratory scale but also projected to large-scale geological studies [28][29][30][31] . The FEMR working principle for Earth's fracture detection is based on the generation of electromagnetic radiation emanating from the brittle rock bodies that are fractured under an incremental increase of the differential stress in the near-surface of the Earth's crust 26,34,39,40,47 . An external stimulus inducing stress on a material leads to microcrack generation and propagation, which ultimately ruptures the material with increasing stress.…”

Section: Rigorous Acoustic Emission (Ae) and Femr Experiments On Vari...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FEMR data is collected with a portable instrument, ANGEL-M, manufactured by JSC, VNIMI, Russia [24][25][26]47 . This instrument enables the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation caused by rock fracturing on the geophysical scale 24,25,47,50 as well as in underground conditions (like mining, tunneling, etc.)…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M with one antenna procuring data in various geological applications with different modes such as horizontal, linear, and cross-sectional modes [24][25][26]47 . The current study, however, has used an upgraded version of the instrument, enabling it to perform and visualize 3-D measurements using three antennas simultaneously 50 .…”

Section: Data Filtering and Signal Processing: Das Et Al 2020 Have De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture-induced Electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) predicting the Syrian-Turkey earthquake (Mw-6.3) on 20.2.2023: An insight on the Dead Sea transform activity

Das,

Frid,

Rabinovitch

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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Observations of fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) were conducted along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) from Sodom to Jericho, coinciding with a magnitude (Mw) 6.3 aftershock earthquake (EQ) in the Turkey-Syrian region on February 20, 2023. The FEMR parameters ("hits," Benioff strain release, frequency, rise-time, energy) and associated crack dimensions were analyzed, focusing on trends leading up to the EQ. This study investigated the Benioff Strain plot and other parameters in three consecutive earthquake nucleation stages leading to the catastrophe. The first stage showed increased FEMR hits and frequency, decreased rise time (T'), and crack dimensions. In the second stage, FEMR hits and crack width decreased while other parameters continued to rise, accumulating the second-highest energy, likely due to high-stress drop. The third stage exhibited steadily increasing FEMR hits and energy and a notable increase in crack dimensions, suggesting an imminent macro failure event. The cyclic trend in FEMR hits indicates alternating periods of high activity and silence, potentially linked to stress changes during crack propagation. Taken shortly before the earthquake, these measurements offer valuable insights into how FEMR parameters vary before seismic events, bridging the gap between lab-scale studies of rock collapses under stress and large-scale failure phenomena.

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Section: Femr Models and Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rigorous Acoustic Emission (Ae) and Femr Experiments On Vari...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Filtering and Signal Processing: Das Et Al 2020 Have De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fracture-induced Electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) predicting the Syrian-Turkey earthquake (Mw-6.3) on 20.2.2023: An insight on the Dead Sea transform activity

Das,

Frid,

Rabinovitch

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Under in-situ conditions, rock masses are in triaxial compression due to tectonic stresses [8]. Significantly high in-situ stress values result in a very risky situation of rock bursting in excavations and tunneling [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Opening Shapes on the Stability of Underground Tunnels: A Finite Element Analysis

Alsabhan

Sadique²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2021

GEOMATE

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Tunnel construction and development has long been an important component of smart cities and modern sustainable development projects around the world. Despite major advances in tunneling technologies, tunneling in rocks remains one of the most mammoth tasks for a geotechnical engineer to complete. Nowadays, all new complex and significant structures are designed and analyzed through finite element techniques. In the present study, numerical simulations have been carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS. Around the tunnel, a specified region of rock mass has been discretized into about 34000 elements. The Continuum Three Dimensional Eight Nodded Reduced integrated (C3D8R) elements were used to model the Tunnel. The effect of the shape of tunnel opening has been studied in three dimensional models using the Elastic Approach Solution Technique. A circular, oval, horse-shoe and square opening of a tunnel have been analyzed. In the current investigation, the behavior of flat head tunnels was also taken into account for comparison purposes. The crown of a flat head and round tubes of equivalent dimensions have shown the most deformation. On the other side, the oval shape has been found to have the fewest deformations at the crown of the opening. Furthermore, the horse-shoe opening, which is the most commonly used tunnel opening shape, has somewhat higher distortion than the oval opening.

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Landslide-tunnel interaction mechanism and numerical simulation during tunnel construction: a case from expressway in Northwest Yunnan Province, China

et al. 2022

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The excavation of the tunnel on the expressway in northwest Yunnan province induced landslide and a series problem such as ground surface cracks of the slope, sliding of the slope, and cracks in the tunnel lining. This research aims to reveal the interaction relationship between the tunnel and the landslide from the prospective of field monitoring and numerical simulation. Firstly, the engineering geological conditions of the slope where the tunnel was located were obtained by field investigation. The “landslide traction segment-tunnel longitudinal tensile failure” mode was put forward based on the spatial relationship between the tunnel and the landslide. Secondly, field monitoring methods were adopted to monitor the surface displacement of the slope, the deep-seated displacement of the landslide, and the propagation of cracks in the tunnel lining. Finally, three-dimensional numerical models were established to investigate the stability of the slope and the tunnel under natural conditions, tunnel excavation conditions, and rainfall conditions. The field investigation results, field monitoring results, and numerical simulation results illustrated that: (1) The tunnel traversed the traction segment of the landslide body in parallel, and tensile failure or shear dislocation failure would occur at different stages of the interaction between the tunnel and the landslide. (2) Two sliding layers were discovered in the landslide, the shallow creep sliding layer and the deep creep sliding layer, which corresponded to the tensile failure and shear dislocation failure modes proposed in the “landslide traction segment-tunnel longitudinal tensile failure” mode, respectively. (3) The slope was in an unstable state under natural conditions. The tunnel excavation disrupted the initial stress equilibrium of the slope, resulting in stress release of the surrounding rock mass. Both excavation and rainfall would exacerbate the deformation of the landslide and the tunnel. Eventually, control measures based on the control grouting technology of the steel floral tubes were suggested to counter with landslide-tunnel deformation problems.

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Quantification of principal horizontal stresses inside a tunnel: An application of Fracture induced Electromagnetic Radiation (FEMR) technique in the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalayas

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Fracture-induced Electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) predicting the Syrian-Turkey earthquake (Mw-6.3) on 20.2.2023: An insight on the Dead Sea transform activity

Fracture-induced Electromagnetic radiation (FEMR) predicting the Syrian-Turkey earthquake (Mw-6.3) on 20.2.2023: An insight on the Dead Sea transform activity

The Effect of Opening Shapes on the Stability of Underground Tunnels: A Finite Element Analysis

Landslide-tunnel interaction mechanism and numerical simulation during tunnel construction: a case from expressway in Northwest Yunnan Province, China

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