Quantification of eight active ingredients in crude and processed radix polygoni multiflori applying miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion microextraction followed by UHPLC

Abstract

A rapid, efficient, and green sample preparation method has been developed to extract eight active ingredients (gallic acid, catechins, epicatechin, polydatin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol, emodin, and physcion) in radix polygoni multiflori by miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction. Simple and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection has been applied to analyze the multiple compounds. The best results were obtained by adding 25 mg sample into 25 mg adsorbent and grinding for 2 min with disorganized silica as adsorbent and 1 mL 150 mM 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as a green eluting solvent. Good linearity (r > 0.998) for each analyte was obtained by this method. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) were both below 5.31%, and the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 93.3 to 100.0%. This simple miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction method for analyzing the compounds in radix polygoni multiflori needs a short time and requires little sample and reagent. Thus, this method is far more eco-friendly and efficient than traditional extraction methods (reflux and ultrasound-assisted extraction). The present investigation provided a promising method for the fast preparation and discrimination of chemical differences in crude and processed radix polygoni multiflori.

Biosurfactant trehalose lipid‐enhanced ultrasound‐assisted micellar extraction and determination of the main antioxidant compounds from functional plant tea

“…The related analytical characteristics of liquid-liquid extraction [22], and ultrasonic-assisted extraction [24,25] reported by other researchers have been given for evaluating the preponderance of the developed BE-UAME method in Table 2. Compared with the other analytical methods, the BE-UAME method has many merits, including lower amounts of samples, shorter extraction and analysis times and lower solution volume.…”

“…However, high volumes of extraction solution and a large number of samples are required, and some of the extraction solutions used are especially organic and toxic. A few neotype extraction methods have been established to avoid these disadvantages, such as miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction [25,26]. Micellar extraction has been widely applied in various studies as an efficient extraction method, such as for the determination of phenolic compounds in propolis [27], ingiberone, shogaol, and gingerols in gingers [28], and organic and inorganic iodines [29].…”

Recent advances of green pretreatment techniques for quality control of natural products

“…The role of these adsorbents/dispersants was to break and disperse the analytical sample and purify the interfering medium. Some normal and classical adsorbents have been employed during the MSPD process, such as silica-based materials [7][8][9][10][11][12], C 18 -based materials [13,14], florisil [15][16][17], or their mixed system [11]. These materials have been proved to be efficient and effective to adsorbent targets so that they are always to be applied widely in the extraction of natural products.…”

“…There are half of MSPD studies assisted by packing and vacuum (Table 1 and Figure 2A). In addition, vortex ( Figure 2B) is also proved to be a useful mode to extract the targets from solid phase, which not only has no need of complex process and equipment, but also reduce analysis loss [8,9,11]. Thus, this easy and convinent mode could be developed as an efficient auxiliary way to extract the active compounds for analysis.…”

“…Besides the small volume of the normal organic reagents were employed during the MSPD process [10,12,15], some novel environmental benign "green solvents" were exploited to elute the analyts after adsorbing. A few scholars applied ILs as elution solvent in MSPD because of high thermal stability, low toxicity, and excellent dissolving capacity in various polarity of solvents [8,9,11,18,24,25]. Grape seed extracts have been reported to have the efficacy of treating cardiovascular disorders, reducing oxidative stress, protecting activity against UVB radiation, and so on.…”