Quality of life and parental styles assessed by adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases and their parents

Abstract

Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in adolescents are chronic medical conditions with a substantial influence on the quality of life (QoL) of the families. Methods A total of 27 adolescents suffering from IBD, 39 healthy adolescents, and their parents were included in the cross-sectional study. The adolescents completed the questionnaires ADOR (parenting styles), KidScreen-10 (QoL), SAD (The Scale of Anxiety in Children), and CDI (Children’s Depression Inventory). The parents completed the BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory), BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory, second version), and PedsQL (Pediatrics Quality of Life) Family Impact Module. Results The parental styles of the parents of the IBD adolescents and controls were without significant differences. The only exception was that fathers’ positive parental style was significantly higher in the fathers of the controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the IBD children and controls in the QoL assessed using KidScreen-10. However, the QoL of the parents of the ill children was significantly lower than that of the parents of the controls (PedsQL total scores in mothers 66.84±14.78 vs 76.17±14.65 and in fathers 68.86±16.35 vs 81.74±12.89, respectively). The mothers of the IBD adolescents were significantly more anxious (BAI scores 9.50±10.38 vs 5.26±4.75) and the fathers more depressed (BDI-II scores 7.23±6.50 vs 3.64±3.51) than the parents of the controls, but there was no difference in the levels of anxiety or depression between the IBD adolescents and the controls. The positive parental style of both the parents of the children suffering from IBD positively correlated with the QoL of the adolescents evaluated by KidScreen-10. The positive parental style of the fathers negatively correlated with the children’s state and trait anxiety and negatively correlated with the severity of childhood depression. Conclusion The fathers of the IBD adolescents may exhibit low levels of positive parenting style and be mildly depressed, and the mothers tend to exhibit higher levels of anxiety.

Health condition and familial factors associated with health-related quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease: a cross sectional study

“…Warm and accepting parent-adolescent relationships contributed to the well-being of children and adolescents at risk [ 20 ], and were related to higher levels of QOL and fewer psychological symptoms in adolescents with chronic diseases [ 21 ]. Also, The QOL of adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel disease positively correlated with the warm parental style [ 22 ] while the QOL of adolescents with diabetes type 1 was positively associated with mindful parental style [ 23 ]. Our findings indicate that emotional warmth is positively associated with the HRQOL of adolescents with CHD.…”

Parent and Family Functioning in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Interestingly, distinctions between maternal and paternal psychosocial functioning have been examined in prior research, which allows for a more in-depth analysis of prevalence compared to norms. Fairly consistently across studies, mothers of youth with IBD report higher levels of psychological distress symptoms in comparison to healthy controls and normative samples [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In a study conducted with Swedish families of children with IBD, the domains of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity (i.e., feeling self-conscious or uncomfortable in interpersonal situations), depression, and anxiety on the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were significantly elevated when compared to mothers of children without IBD [ 30 ].…”

“…In a different sample, Swiss mothers reported significantly higher symptoms of dysthymia and social phobia, as well as a higher overall symptom score compared to population norms on the short-form of the SCL-90 [ 32 ]. In a study conducted in the Czech Republic, mothers of youth with IBD reported moderate levels of anxiety as measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory and endorsed significantly more symptoms of anxiety than mothers of healthy children [ 31 ]. However, there was no significant difference in symptoms of depression between mothers in the illness and control group in this sample [ 31 ].…”

“…In a study conducted in the Czech Republic, mothers of youth with IBD reported moderate levels of anxiety as measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory and endorsed significantly more symptoms of anxiety than mothers of healthy children [ 31 ]. However, there was no significant difference in symptoms of depression between mothers in the illness and control group in this sample [ 31 ].…”

“…Surprisingly, in a Swiss sample collected more recently, fathers of children with IBD reported fewer symptoms of depression, agoraphobia, and social phobia, as well as improved overall functioning compared to the normative population [ 32 ]. However, a different study of fathers of adolescents with IBD found contradicting results, in that fathers reported higher levels of depressive symptoms on the Beck Depressive Inventory-II than a control sample [ 31 ]. Despite this significant difference, on average, depressive symptoms fell in the minimal range.…”