Qualitative Real-Time PCR Assay for HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA

Yamazaki, Sayuki; Kondo, Makiko; Sumii, Koji; Ueda, Taro; Fujiwara, Hiroshi; Hasegawa, Naoki; Kato, Shingo

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.309

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Although the samples provided were noted as serologically reactive for HIV-2 by HIV type differentiation assays, 42% of the samples when tested in duplicate did not demonstrate detectable HIV-2 RNA by our assay. Nevertheless our results are comparable with those reported for other laboratory developed HIV-2 RNA quantitative assays which showed that plasma HIV-2 RNA levels in viremic individuals tend to be low (2.8 log 10 copies/ml on average) with only 6% of viremic individuals over 1,000 copies/ml, and below level of detection in 28.0 to 46.5% of confirmed HIV-2 infections [28,29,31,32]. The high proportion of undetectable viral load among the clinical samples tested is similar to that reported in other studies in Europe and Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our studies with HIV-1 infections demonstrated that the HIV-1 TNA is readily detected in ART treated HIV-1 infected individuals even in the absence of detectable plasma viral load [43]. Indeed, several studies of HIV-2 infected individuals have shown that viral nucleic acid can be readily detected by TNA testing of whole blood and PBMCs even when plasma viral load is very low or undetectable [25,26,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The high levels of undetectable viral load in HIV-2 infected individuals limits the usefulness of quantitative plasma HIV-2 RNA PCR assays for diagnosis or confirmation of infection. Alternative approaches, such as testing of whole blood or PBMCs for HIV-2 total nucleic acid (TNA: RNA and DNA) may be more appropriate for those applications [26,28,41]. Our studies with HIV-1 infections demonstrated that the HIV-1 TNA is readily detected in ART treated HIV-1 infected individuals even in the absence of detectable plasma viral load [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Performance evaluation of a laboratory developed PCR test for quantitation of HIV-2 viral RNA

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Performance evaluation of a laboratory developed PCR test for quantitation of HIV-2 viral RNA

et al. 2020

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“…In Japan, the guidelines recommend that HIV-2 infection can be confirmed using WB after a positive screening antibody/antigen test result. However, WB might show false-negative results and cross-reactions between HIV-1 and HIV-2, similar to NAT, although less than WB, thus numerous HIV-2-specific in-house NAT have been proposed and compared [68].…”

Section: Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2: The Neglected Threat

et al. 2021

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West Africa has the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2 infection in the world, but a high number of cases has been recognized in Europe, India, and the United States. The virus is less transmissible than HIV-1, with sexual contacts being the most frequent route of acquisition. In the absence of specific antiretroviral therapy, most HIV-2 carriers will develop AIDS. Although, it requires more time than HIV-1 infection, CD4+ T cell decline occurs more slowly in HIV-2 than in HIV-1 patients. HIV-2 is resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and some protease inhibitors. Misdiagnosis of HIV-2 in patients mistakenly considered HIV-1-positive or in those with dual infections can cause treatment failures with undetectable HIV-1 RNA. In this era of global integration, clinicians must be aware of when to consider the diagnosis of HIV-2 infection and how to test for this virus. Although there is debate regarding when therapy should be initiated and which regimen should be chosen, recent trials have provided important information on treatment options for HIV-2 infection. In this review, we focus mainly on data available and on the insight they offer about molecular epidemiology, clinical presentation, antiretroviral therapy, and diagnostic tests of HIV-2 infection.

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“…Given that WB assays produce a large number of indeterminate results, several novel assays have been developed for detecting HIV infection, including the INNO-LIA HIV Score assay (Tuaillon et al 2017), the recombinant immune blot assay (RIBA) (Kline et al 1996), and qualitative or quantitative HIV nucleic acid testing (Coste et al 1996;Yamazaki et al 2016;van Gemen et al 1993). However, the effectiveness of these assays for the differential diagnosis of HIV-indeterminate WB samples has hither to been undetermined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV Indeterminate Western Blot Tests and Follow-up of HIV Antibody Sero-Conversion in Southeastern China

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2019

Virol. Sin.

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HIV-indeterminate Western blotting (WB) results are typically obtained in WB confirmatory assays, and the number of indeterminate samples may increase with the detection of HIV infections, which will present considerable challenges for the management of HIV/AIDS. Nucleic acid detection has been used as a laboratory test for screening suspected or indeterminate samples. However, the effectiveness of these assays for the differential diagnosis of HIV-indeterminate WB samples remained undetermined. In this study, 210 subjects with HIV-indeterminate WB results were detected from 6360 positive HIV screening samples between 2015 and 2016 in southeastern China, in which HIV-indeterminate WB results accounted for 3.30%. The highest proportion of indeterminate results was observed in pregnant and lying-in women receiving physical examinations (16.67%), followed by that in voluntary blood donors (8.82%). The most common WB band patterns were p24, gp160 and p24, and gp160. The follow-up study revealed that the highest negative and positive conversion rates of HIV antibodies were in samples with a single p24 band (80.28%), and with gp160 and p24 bands (86.21%), respectively. Among the Env, Gag, and Pol antibodies, samples with a Gag band showed the highest negative conversion rate (81.25%), whereas the highest positive conversion rate was observed in samples with an Env band (56.76%). In addition, quantitative and qualitative HIV nucleic acid testing exhibited the highest sensitivity (96.3%) and specificity (97.85%), respectively. Our results indicate a lower proportion of HIV indeterminate WB results in southeastern China compared to previous reports, and the follow-up re-examination of patients with HIV indeterminate results should be performed. Nucleic acid testing facilitates the identification of HIV infections.

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Qualitative Real-Time PCR Assay for HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Performance evaluation of a laboratory developed PCR test for quantitation of HIV-2 viral RNA

Performance evaluation of a laboratory developed PCR test for quantitation of HIV-2 viral RNA

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2: The Neglected Threat

Prevalence of HIV Indeterminate Western Blot Tests and Follow-up of HIV Antibody Sero-Conversion in Southeastern China

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