Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of Lactobacillus species in the vaginas of healthy fertile and postmenopausal Chinese women

Zhang, Rui; Daroczy, Katalin; Xiao, Botao; Yu, Li; Chen, Rui; Liao, Qinping

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.038687-0

Cited by 68 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…5,30,31 Recent studies using molecular methods to assess the vaginal microbiota have confirmed these findings 3,4,32 and demonstrated increased diversity of the vaginal microbial community in menopausal women not on HT. While it has long been assumed that these associations are due to a direct correlation between serum estrogen, vaginal glycogen and quantity of lactobacilli, few studies have concretely demonstrated those links.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis

Mitchell

Srinivasan

Zhan³

et al. 2017

Menopause

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Objective To examine associations between the composition of the vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms, serum estrogen, and vaginal glycogen. Methods For this cross-sectional study, 88 women ages 40–62 enrolled in a hot flash treatment trial provided vaginal swabs and a blood sample at enrollment. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA PCR and deep sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region. Quantities of Lactobacillus crispatus and L. iners were measured using qPCR. Self-reported genitourinary symptoms included: 1) presence and severity of individual symptoms and 2) identification of most bothersome symptom. Glycogen was measured fluorometrically in swab eluate. Serum estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Associations between bacteria, symptoms, glycogen, and serum estrogens were tested by linear regression or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, adjusted for multiple comparisons. Comparisons between groups used Kruskall-Wallis or Fisher’s exact test. Results Of the 88 women, 33 (38%) had a majority of Lactobacillus species, while 58 (66%) had any Lactobacillus detected. Over half (53%) reported ≥ 1 vulvovaginal symptom (most commonly dryness), but symptoms were not associated with the presence of Lactobacillus species. Women with Lactobacillus dominant communities had higher unconjugated serum estrone, but no difference in vaginal glycogen levels, compared to those with non-Lactobacillus dominant communities. Higher serum E2 and E1 were not associated with higher vaginal glycogen, nor detection of individual genera. Conclusions Presence of Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota was not associated with fewer vulvovaginal symptoms. Serum estrone was higher in women with Lactobacillus-dominance, but vaginal free glycogen was not associated with composition of the vaginal microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis

Mitchell

Srinivasan

Zhan³

et al. 2017

Menopause

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“…However, three studies that quantified multiple Lactobacillus spp. found lower overall levels, as well as reduced L. crispatus levels and Lactobacillus diversity, in post-menopausal women compared to women of reproductive age [43], [55], [57].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Vaginal Microbiota: What Have We Learned after a Decade of Molecular Characterization?

et al. 2014

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We conducted a systematic review of the Medline database (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A) to determine if consistent molecular vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition patterns can be discerned after a decade of molecular testing, and to evaluate demographic, behavioral and clinical determinants of VMB compositions. Studies were eligible when published between 1 January 2008 and 15 November 2013, and if at least one molecular technique (sequencing, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, or DNA hybridization) was used to characterize the VMB. Sixty three eligible studies were identified. These studies have now conclusively shown that lactobacilli-dominated VMB are associated with a healthy vaginal micro-environment and that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is best described as a polybacterial dysbiosis. The extent of dysbiosis correlates well with Nugent score and vaginal pH but not with the other Amsel criteria. Lactobacillus crispatus is more beneficial than L. iners. Longitudinal studies have shown that a L. crispatus-dominated VMB is more likely to shift to a L. iners-dominated or mixed lactobacilli VMB than to full dysbiosis. Data on VMB determinants are scarce and inconsistent, but dysbiosis is consistently associated with HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), and Trichomonas vaginalis infection. In contrast, vaginal colonization with Candida spp. is more common in women with a lactobacilli-dominated VMB than in women with dysbiosis. Cervicovaginal mucosal immune responses to molecular VMB compositions have not yet been properly characterized. Molecular techniques have now become more affordable, and we make a case for incorporating them into larger epidemiological studies to address knowledge gaps in etiology and pathogenesis of dysbiosis, associations of different dysbiotic states with clinical outcomes, and to evaluate interventions aimed at restoring and maintaining a lactobacilli-dominated VMB.

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“…Although 13 different Lactobacillus spp. have been detected in healthy vaginas [18], 3 predominant Lactobacillus spp. ( L. crispatus , L. iners and L. jensenii ) account for the largest proportion of normal vaginal microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Vaginal Pathogenic Community and Bacterial Vaginosis in Chinese Reproductive-Age Women

et al. 2013

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BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common urogenital infections among women of reproductive age that represents shifts in microbiota from Lactobacillus spp. to diverse anaerobes. The aim of our study was to evalute the diagnostic values of Gardnerella, Atopobium, Eggerthella, Megasphaera typeI, Leptotrichia/Sneathia and Prevotella, defined as a vaginal pathogenic community for BV and their associations with vaginal pH and Nugent scores.Methods and FindingsWe investigated the vaginal pathogenic bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. with species-specific real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 50 BV-positive and 50 BV-negative Chinese women of reproductive age. Relative to BV-negative subjects, a siginificant decline in Lactobacillus and an obvious increase in bacteria in the vaginal pathogenic community were observed in BV-postive subjects (P<0.05). With the exception of Megasphaera typeI, other vaginal pathogenic bacteria were highly predictable for BV with a better sensitivity and specificity. The vaginal pathogenic community was positively associated with vaginal pH and Nugent scores, while Lactobacillus spp., such as L. iners and L. crispatus was negatively associated with them (P<0.05).ConclusionsOur data implied that the prevalance of vaginal pathogenic bacteria as well as the depletion of Lactobacillus was highly accurate for BV diagnosis. Vaginal microbiota shifts, especially the overgrowth of the vaginal pathogenic community, showed well diagnostic values in predicting BV. Postive correlations between those vaginal pathogenic bacteria and vaginal pH, Nugent score indicated the vaginal pathogenic community rather than a single vaginal microorganism, was participated in the onset of BV directly.

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Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of Lactobacillus species in the vaginas of healthy fertile and postmenopausal Chinese women

Cited by 68 publications

References 50 publications

Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis

Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis

The Vaginal Microbiota: What Have We Learned after a Decade of Molecular Characterization?

Associations between Vaginal Pathogenic Community and Bacterial Vaginosis in Chinese Reproductive-Age Women

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