Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Nicotine, Nicotine Derivatives, and Nicotine-Related Alkaloid Optical Isomers: A Review

Perfetti, Thomas A.; Dube, Michael F.; Coleman, William D.

doi:10.2478/cttr-2022-0018

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Since NCT is classified with high concentration, total alkaloids analysis is required for the quality and usability qualitatively and quantitatively. Hence, both chromatographic and nonchromatographic methods are extensively employed due to the characteristics of pyridine alkaloids, along with the abundance of literature facilitating the identification of numerous alkaloids in the plant (Li et al, 2019;Perfetti et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Determination of Alkaloids and Nicotine Contents in Lebanese Tobacco Leaves

Elchamieh,

Jaber,

Ibrahim

et al. 2024

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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Nicotiana Tabacum; the annual herb; known as Tobacco from the Solanaceae family was known for its alkaloids and especially nicotine (NCT) content; smoking products, insecticides, anthelminthic activity and clinically proven therapeutics are examples of its uses. Herein two different methods were applied in an attempt to quantify the total alkaloids and NCT content in Nicotiana tabacum cultivated in Lebanon. Total alkaloids were investigated through the formation of a complex with bromocresol green under a simple spectrophotometric method. Whilst HPLC-DAD was the choice for the quantitation of NCT levels. The column was Lichrospher select B (5 µm, 250x4 mm), the temperature was set at 29 ⁰C and the wavelength at 260 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 2 M O-phosphoric acid and methanol (60:40, v/v) using isocratic elution at 1 mL/min. A linear relationship was proved under both instruments. The extraction yield of alkaloid totum ranges between 2.1 ± 0.25 and 6.8% ± 0.58 and alkaloids contents range from 12.14 ± 2.01 to 53.12 ± 4.54 mg of AE/g of extract for Ghandouriyeh and Danniye samples respectively. On the other side among the different areas which cultivated Tobacco in Lebanon, Danniye was found to have the highest NCT concentration of dry weight (2.64%) while Al-Hissa possesses the lowest content (0.75%). Even if the results were generally similar to other countries, the study showed a difference in values from one region to another.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Determination of Alkaloids and Nicotine Contents in Lebanese Tobacco Leaves

Elchamieh,

Jaber,

Ibrahim

et al. 2024

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Nornicotine Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Ashraf‐Khorassani

Perfetti²,

Dube

et al. 2023

Journal of Chromatographic Science

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An optimized method employing chiral supercritical fluid chromatography with diode array UV–VIS detection has been developed for the quantitative analysis of nicotine and nornicotine enantiomer distributions. The method parameters that were optimized included: column type (stationary phases, Chiralpak IG-3), column temperature (40°C), modifier types and concentration (isopropyl alcohol, 10%), additive types and concentrations (diethylamine, 0.2%), elution times (<6 min, flow rate 3 mL/min) and resolution factor (>1.2). These optimized conditions led to nicotine and nornicotine enantiomer detection limits of ~5 ng/μL with accompanying %RSD values of <2% from the analyses of commercially available nicotine-containing formulations.

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Commercial Nicotine Samples and in E-Cigarette Products

Perfetti¹,

Ashraf‐Khorassani

Coleman

et al. 2023

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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Summary Several commercial sources of tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) and synthetic nicotine (SyN) and a variety of e-cigarette liquids employing either TDN or SyN have been evaluated to determine the enantiomer distributions of R- and S-nicotine and R- and S-nornicotine by chiral supercritical fluid chromatography (chiral-SFC) with UV diode array detection (DAD-UV). The data generated are used to test the mismatched vs. matched hypothesis of Cheetham et al. as a means to distinguish products containing TDN from products with SyN. Two sets of experiments were conducted in this study. The first experiment was conducted on a series of 11 commercial nicotine samples (three characterized as tobacco-derived and eight characterized as synthetic nicotine). The commercial nicotine samples were either from a tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) source or were synthetic nicotine (SyN). Some of the commercial nicotine samples were nicotine salts. The second experiment was conducted on e-liquids from a set of 11 e-cigarettes. The nicotine in the e-liquids was either from TDN or SyN. The e-liquid samples were differentiated based on the advertised information on the internet or from printed information on the e-cigarette packaging. None of the three commercial TDN samples in the first experiment could be unequivocally characterized as coming from a tobacco source. Five of the eight commercial SyN samples were correctly characterized as SyN based on the matched vs. mismatched nicotine and nornicotine hypothesis of Cheetham et al. In the second experiment, none of the e-liquids characterized as being from TDN sources could be unequivocally characterized as coming from a tobacco source. All of the e-liquids characterized as being from SyN sources were either characterized as equivocal or of uncertain origin based on the matched vs. mismatched nicotine and nornicotine hypothesis of Cheetham et al. These sets of experiments represent an excellent example of the difficulty that the United States Food and Drug Administration is having in trying to determine if TDN or SyN is being used in tobacco products. Even highly advanced chromatographic methods such as chiral-SFC were not able to unequivocally distinguish products with TDN from products with SyN 100% of the time. Other analytical methods such as 14C quantitation of nicotine samples by accelerator mass spectrometry offer a more reliable determinate of nicotine source (TDN vs. SyN) and can be used to identify misbranded products labelled as containing SyN, even though this methodology is more expensive and offered in limited locations.

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Nicotine, Nicotine Derivatives, and Nicotine-Related Alkaloid Optical Isomers: A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Determination of Alkaloids and Nicotine Contents in Lebanese Tobacco Leaves

Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Determination of Alkaloids and Nicotine Contents in Lebanese Tobacco Leaves

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Nornicotine Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Enantiomers of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids Employing Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Commercial Nicotine Samples and in E-Cigarette Products

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