Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de profissionais de enfermagem na Bahia na pandemia da COVID-19

Abstract

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de profissionais de enfermagem da Bahia durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método Estudo transversal, amostragem tipo snowball com 113 enfermeiras(os) e técnicas(os) de enfermagem. De setembro/2020 a maio/2021, num formulário eletrônico, coletaram-se informações sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, epidemiológicas e de qualidade de vida, avaliada pelo questionário WHOQOL-BREF nos seus domínios Físico, Psicológico, Relações sociais e Meio ambiente. Utilizou-se regressão linear múltipla para identificar fatores associados à variação dos domínios do WHOQOL-BREF. Resultados Baixos escores de qualidade de vida associaram-se significantemente a várias características dos profissionais: ser caso suspeito de COVID-19, no domínio Físico; ficar sem exercer a profissão por causa da COVID-19, nos domínios Físico e Psicológico; trabalhar exclusivamente em instituições privadas, no domínio Relações sociais; ter mais idade, no domínio Relações sociais; e não receber apoio social de outras pessoas, nos domínios Físico, Psicológico, Relações sociais e Meio Ambiente. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Ter mais idade, vínculo exclusivo com instituição privada, ser caso suspeito de COVID-19, ficar sem exercer a profissão por causa da COVID-19 e não receber apoio social associaram-se à baixa qualidade de vida de profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia.

Quality of life and associated factors for community health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in northeastern Brazil

“…Family and friends had a greater positive impact than ‘significant others’, which is consistent with the findings of other researchers 20 , 21 , 31 , 48 and indicates the potential of these networks as a source of social support for CHWs. Thus, strategies favoring and expanding social support should be implemented, among other things, by creating space for the exchange of experiences, improving working conditions, implementing occupational health actions through psychosocial support programs, and strengthening collaboration and teamwork skills 49 .…”

“…The availability of social support for health workers in terms of instrumental and emotional factors and social interaction has been shown to preserve QoL in both the occupational setting and the family setting 17 – 19 , which has become increasingly evident during recent pandemics 20 , 21 . Studies published before the pandemic identified sex, age, schooling, workplace, family income, smoking, psychological aspects and satisfaction as determinants of QoL 22 .…”

Quality of life associated with nursing professionals’ individual resources and work

“…Before the pandemic, this variable was already related to QoL in all domains, indicating that younger people tend to have less impaired QoL, which is also associated with better WA. Younger professionals have less occurrence of chronic pain, need for medical treatment and are more willing to carry out daily activities ( 35 , 36 , 37 ) .…”

“…During the pandemic, the general population’s QoL was affected, with a drastic impact on the social component, due to recommended social distancing, which required adaptations and greater support from technology in maintaining bonds and connections with family and friends, with social support being a significant factor for the adequate QoL of healthcare professionals ( 20 , 38 ) . However, the low QoL found in the present study reinforces that nursing professionals, even before the pandemic, already showed regular or poor perception in the QoL physical, psychological and environmental domains, in addition to changes in WA, sleep and rest, fatigue and cognitive aspects, factors statistically associated with work overload, lack of human and material resources, inadequate physical structure, stress, low wages, disorganized environment, poor interpersonal relationships with colleagues, patients and managers, lack of social support, lack of physical activity and leisure, irregular sleep and lack of safety ( 31 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 ) .…”

Fatores socioeconômicos e culturais da pessoa com estomia intestinal

“…. Furthermore, its presence determines a change in body image, which requires personal transformations that can generate stress when demands arise that overload or exceed an individual's adaptive capabilities (Miranda et al, 2018;Ferreira et al, 2021). Furthermore, as observed by Ferreira et al (2017), the stoma patient begins to face physical, emotional and psychosocial issues that profoundly interfere with their daily lives.…”