“…Exclusion criteria were: cognitive impairment or in need of intensive care. The sample size in the study was based on previously conducted studies in the field of postoperative care, involving between 130-500 patients (Alvarez, Foley, Zebley, & Fassler, 2015;Asakura, Mihara, & Goto, 2015;Guimaraes-Pereira, Costa, Sousa, & Abelha, 2016;Siddiqui et al, 2013). Based on a convenience sample, eligible patients were invited to participate in the study.…”