Qualidade da dieta e fatores associados em crianças matriculadas em uma escola municipal de Itajaí, Santa Catarina

Abstract

ResumoO estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da alimentação e fatores associados em escolares do primeiro ao quinto ano de uma escola municipal de Itajaí, Santa Catarina. A qualidade da dieta foi analisada por meio de um índice que conferia pontuação a cada item alimentar conforme sua frequência de consumo. Variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e comportamentos relacionados à saúde foram identificados por questionário. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas, e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Avaliaram-se 523 crianças (88,9% da amostra calculada), 52,6% (IC95%: 48,3-56,9%) tiveram sua dieta classificada como inadequada, com pontuação média de 6,97, variando de -9 a +17 pontos. O sexo feminino (RP=0,81, IC95%: 0,66-0,98) e a menor escolaridade (RP=1,35, IC95%: 1,04-1,75) do responsável estiveram associados ao desfecho. Crianças com obesidade abdominal e que realizavam refeições em frente à televisão tiveram dieta de pior qualidade. Sabe-se que o consumo alimentar em frente à televisão é associado a maiores volumes de ingestão. Variáveis infantis e do responsável estiveram relacionadas à pior qualidade da alimentação. Desta forma, atividades para melhorar a qualidade da dieta devem envolver crianças e seus cuidadores.Palavras-chave: criança; comportamento alimentar; estado nutricional; saúde escolar; hábitos alimentares. AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate quality of diet and associated factors in schoolchildren from first to fifth grade in a public school in Itajaí, Santa Catarina. The quality of the diet was analyzed using an index that gave to each food item a score as their frequency of consumption. Socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related behaviors were identified by questionnaire. Crude, adjusted prevalence ratios (PR), and theirs 95% confidence intervals were calculated (95%CI) through Poisson regression. Were evaluated 523 children (88.9% of the calculated sample) and 52.6% (95%CI: 48.3-56.9%) had their diet rated as poor, with a mean score of 6.97 ranging from -9 to +17 points. Female gender (PR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.66-0.98) and lower education (PR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.04-1.75) were associated with the outcome. Children with abdominal obesity and who took meals in front of the TV had poorer diet quality, it is known that food consumption in front of television is associated with larger volumes of intake. Children and caregivers variables were related with worse diet quality. Thus, activities to improve the quality of the diet should involve children and their caregivers.

Diet quality and associated factors among elementary school students of the Adventist school system in the Southwest region of São Paulo, Brazil

“…The mean score observed among students of Vitória was of 4.3 points, while in the present study the mean was of 6.0 points, and the score range attained more positive scores (-9 to +14 and -4 to +16, respectively). The mean total ALES index score in this sample was more similar to those presented by Momm & Höfelmann (2014), who evaluated the diet of 523 public schoolchildren aged 6 to 15 years, from Itajaí (Santa Catarina), with a mean score of 6.9 ranging from -9 to +17 points.…”

“…The low consumption of vegetables is also described in other studies (Molina et al, 2010b;Michereff et al, 2014) that employed ALES index with schoolchildren. Unlike found in other studies (Momm & Höfelmann, 2014;Michereff et al, 2014), in this study girls had less chance of having a poor diet quality. Molina et al (2010b) and Michereff et al (2014) concluded that low maternal education is a variable linked to poor quality of diet.…”

“…Breakfast is one of the three main meals of the day and is considered a key indicator of healthy eating habits. According to Höfelmann & Momm (2014), the consumption of breakfast is an opportunity for the intake of foods rich in nutrients such as calcium, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fiber; it brings health benefits to the individual.…”

Ultra-processed food consumption in children from a Basic Health Unit

“…Research suggests that highquality diet is directly associated with higher educational levels and income. 9,10 There is evidence linking the occurrence of overweight in childhood and early development of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in adult life. 11 Thus, childhood is a crucial period for the prevention of NCDs by encouraging and adopting healthy habits that tend to persist during adult life.…”

Educação Alimentar e Nutricional: influência no comportamento alimentar e no estado nutricional de estudantes

“…A qualidade inadequada da alimentação de crianças sofre influência de vários fatores, incluindo a menor escolaridade do cuidador e/ ou responsável, o hábito de realizar as refeições em frente à televisão, falta de atividade física e a própria avaliação negativa dos responsáveis sobre a alimentação das crianças. As atitudes dos pais em relação à alimentação dos filhos são importantes para fomentar práticas saudáveis de alimentação 20 .…”