Quadrapyrgites from the lower Cambrian of South China: growth pattern, post-embryonic development, and affinity

Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Qiao, Jinpeng

doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0481-5

Cited by 45 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…nov. are three‐dimensionally phosphatized and were liberated from phosphatic limestone of the lower second member of the Kuanchuanpu Formation at Zhangjiagou section, Xixiang County, southern Shaanxi Province, South China (Li ; Liu et al . , b). This locality and horizon have previously yielded abundant specimens of Quadrapyrgites and Olivooides (Liu et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This locality and horizon have previously yielded abundant specimens of Quadrapyrgites and Olivooides (Liu et al . ; Steiner et al . ), the oldest known priapulid‐like cycloneuralian (Liu et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies (Liu et al . , b; Zhang et al . ) the horizon yielding the material studied here was constrained to part of the small shelly fossils Anabarites trisulcatus – Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone (Steiner et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have rejected the possible cycloneuralian hypothesis, and favoured a cnidarian hypothesis (Liu et al . ; Dong et al . ).…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

et al. 2017

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Animals with radial symmetry are abundant in the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China, but with relatively low diversity: representatives include Olivooides, Quadrapyrgites, carinachitiids, hexangulaconulariids and Pseudooides. Here, we report a new radial animal, Qinscyphus necopinus gen. et sp. nov., from the Fortunian small shelly fauna of southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Qinscyphus necopinus has a cup-shaped profile, with slightly raised annuli and five groups of triangular thickenings in pentaradial symmetry. This organism has a comparable morphology to, and thus a close affinity with, Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites, and is interpreted as a coronate scyphozoan. This discovery adds a new crown-group cnidarian to the Cambrian Explosion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have rejected the possible cycloneuralian hypothesis, and favoured a cnidarian hypothesis (Liu et al . ; Dong et al . ).…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

et al. 2017

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“…The Zhangjiagou section and the key horizon yielding the present material are denoted with a star. Revised fromLiu et al (2014a).…”

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confidence: 99%

New material of the oldest known scalidophoran animal Eopriapulites sphinx

et al. 2016

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New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China

Liu

Qin

Wang

et al. 2018

Papers in Palaeontology

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Although molecular studies estimated that cycloneuralians might have originated in the Ediacaran Period and diversified in the early Cambrian, it was not until 2014 that they were first reported from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage. To date only two species and five indeterminate forms have been described. Here, we report new three‐dimensionally phosphatized microfossils of cycloneuralians from the Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China. Two new genera and species, Qinscolex spinosus gen. et sp. nov. and Shanscolex decorus gen. et sp. nov., and Indeterminate Forms 1–7 are described and tentatively assigned to total‐group Scalidophora, greatly increasing the diversity of the Fortunian cycloneuralians. These Fortunian cycloneuralians have diverse cuticular spines, plates, and spinose sclerites of various sizes on the trunk, thus assignment of co‐occurring fragmented trunk parts or disassociated spines or sclerites to a specific species is currently impossible. Some of the Fortunian cycloneuralians might have reached a centimetre in length; they may have been temporary meiobenthos in their juvenile or younger adult stages, only joining the macrobenthos when they reached macroscopic dimensions. It is proposed that an introvert with hexaradially symmetric and internally hollow scalids might be the plesiomorphic state for cycloneuralians.

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Quadrapyrgites from the lower Cambrian of South China: growth pattern, post-embryonic development, and affinity

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

New material of the oldest known scalidophoran animal Eopriapulites sphinx

New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China

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