Pyrolysis temperature induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of biochar produced from conocarpus wastes

Influence of Poultry Litter and Poultry Litter Biochar on Soil Microbial Respiration and Nitrifying Bacteria Activity

“…Temperature in the combustion chamber was 300 °C, and exposure time was 15 min. The pyrolysis time and temperature were established on the basis of own preliminary examinations and results reported in the literature [1,17].…”

“…The application of organic materials, such as poultry litter or poultry litter biochar, may lead to major changes in the structural and functional diversity of microbial populations [1,2,34,36]. Undoubtedly, this is due to the potential of microorganisms to react quickly to the introduction into their habitat of substances with different physical and chemical properties.…”

The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

“…The rate of heating the combustion chamber was 10°C min -1 . The pyrolysis time and temperature were established on the basis of own preliminary examinations and results reported in literature [11,13]. Weight loss (WL) of the materials was calculated on the basis of material weight introduced into the process (MM1) and its residues after thermal conversion (MM2).…”

“…In addition, biochars produced at temperatures between 300 and 400°C contain the highest amount of readily degradable carbon compounds and exhibit a wide signal range for alkyl groups and carbohydrates, which is undetectable at temperatures above 400°C [28]. On the other hand, AlWabel et al [13] argued that biochars obtained at temperatures above 300°C include much fewer aliphatic carbon compounds and functional groups, which substantially reduces the effectiveness of these materials in improving the soil quality. Also, Guo and Chen [29] stated that thermal conversion of plant biomass at temperatures above 400°C favours the creation of the Si-C bonds that increase the amount of aromatic biochar components, thus hindering the material's degradability.…”

“…Concluding from the research by Cheah et al [32], the total sulphur content in biochars is mostly influenced by the material used, while the sulphur speciation in these materials is mainly dependent on the temperature and method of thermochemical conversion. However, it is to be noted that in the course of thermal conversion of biomass, the element content will be reduced [13]. Additionally, as stated by Yu et al [33] and Knudsen et al [34], significant diversification in N and S contents in biochars results from WSB wheat straw, RSB rape straw, MSB Miscanthus straw, SB sawdust, BB bark, LTB leaves of trees ± SD standard deviation, CV% coefficient of variation, WSB wheat straw, RSB rape straw, MSB Miscanthus straw, SB sawdust, BB bark, LTB leaves of trees the retention of N in heterocyclic compounds, such as pyridones or pyrrols, and complexation of inorganic S forms by biochar.…”