Pyramidal micromirrors for microsystems and atom chips

Trupke, Michael; Ramírez-Martínez, F.; Curtis, E. A.; Ashmore, J. P.; Eriksson, S.; Hinds, E. A.; Moktadir, Zakaria; Gollasch, Carsten O.; Kraft, Michaël; Prakash, G. Vijaya; Baumberg, J.J.

doi:10.1063/1.2172412

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The optical properties of such a pyramid have already been investigated in [14]. In those experiments, it was observed that light reflected near the diagonal edges can prevent the MOT from working.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Atoms were successfully trapped once the gold was removed from the areas where the type-2 and type-3 rays are produced. We were also able to make the MOT operate [14] by using a lower reflectivity (78%) coating of aluminum, which was not cut away at the edges and center. In such a pyramid, the intensity of the harmful type-3 light is decreased relative to the type-1 beams, considering the additional reflection by the lossy surfaces.…”

Section: Principle Of the Mot On A Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3(c)]. The faces of the pyramids are very smooth because of the layer-by-layer etching mechanisms involved [17] and have been shown to have rms surface roughness as low as 0.5 nm [14]. The wafers are once again cleaned in a fuming-nitric-acid bath before the remaining silicon nitride is stripped from the front by a dry plasma etch and the remaining silicon dioxide is removed in a HF dip [ Fig.…”

Section: A Wafer Preparation and Pyramid Etchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first step in this direction was made in [3] by gluing a matrix of insulated wires together; however, fully integrated fabrication would open up the possibility of building large arrays of MOTs to prepare many independent cold atom clouds. This paper describes the fabrication and initial testing of an integrated array of MOTs on an atom chip, as proposed by Trupke et al [14]. Each of these MOTs automatically prepares all the required light beams from a single circularly polarized input beam by reflecting the light in a concave square pyramid of mirrors [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Magnetooptical Atom Traps on a Chip

Lewis

Moktadir

Gollasch

et al. 2009

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

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Abstract-Ultracold atoms can be manipulated using microfabricated devices known as atom chips. These have significant potential for applications in sensing, metrology, and quantum information processing. To date, the chips are loaded by transfer of atoms from an external macroscopic magnetooptical trap (MOT) into microscopic traps on the chip. This transfer involves a series of steps, which complicate the experimental procedure and lead to atom losses. In this paper, we present a design for integrating a MOT into a silicon wafer by combining a concave pyramidal mirror with a square wire loop. We describe how an array of such traps has been fabricated, and we present magnetic, thermal, and optical properties of the chip.[ 2008-0124]Index Terms-Atom chips, cavity patterning, electrophoretic resist, magnetooptical traps (MOTs).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Principle Of the Mot On A Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Wafer Preparation and Pyramid Etchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Magnetooptical Atom Traps on a Chip

Lewis

Moktadir

Gollasch

et al. 2009

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

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“…The latter two are attractive as they need only a single incident beam, and both are suitable for microfabrication. Miniaturized pyramid MOTs, however, suffer from low atom capture rates due to the small volume in which the beams overlap 45,46 , significant backscatter making the atoms difficult to detect 47 , and the geometry making transfer of the atoms to magnetic surface traps non-trivial. A recently demonstrated ver- sion of the tetrahedral-MOT using a planar grating as a reflector (which we refer to as the 'G-MOT', see Figure 2) can capture a large number of atoms, has lower backscatter 48 , and can be easily integrated with atom chip structures 49 .…”

Section: The Magneto Optical Trap Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributed Review: The feasibility of a fully miniaturized magneto-optical trap for portable ultracold quantum technology

Rushton

Aldous

Himsworth

2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

104

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Experiments using laser cooled atoms and ions show real promise for practical applications in quantumenhanced metrology, timing, navigation, and sensing as well as exotic roles in quantum computing, networking and simulation. The heart of many of these experiments has been translated to microfabricated platforms known as atom chips whose construction readily lend themselves to integration with larger systems and future mass production. To truly make the jump from laboratory demonstrations to practical, rugged devices, the complex surrounding infrastructure (including vacuum systems, optics, and lasers) also needs to be miniaturized and integrated. In this paper we explore the feasibility of applying this approach to the Magneto-Optical Trap; incorporating the vacuum system, atom source and optical geometry into a permanently sealed microlitre system capable of maintaining 10 −10 mbar for more than 1000 days of operation with passive pumping alone. We demonstrate such an engineering challenge is achievable using recent advances in semiconductor microfabrication techniques and materials.PACS numbers: 07.07.Df, 37.10.Gh, 07.30.Kf, I. ULTRACOLD QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYSince the first demonstrations of atoms and ions at sub-millikelvin temperatures in the mid-1980s, the field of atomic physics has been revolutionized by laser cooling and trapping as it provides researchers with a method to probe some of the purest and sensitive quantum systems available. This field is still highly productive and recently has put significant emphasis on the practical applications of this technology beyond the laboratory 1,2 . It was evident very early on that ultracold matter would be an indispensable tool in precise timing applications and a recent demonstration 3 has shown extremely low instabilities at the 10 −18 level. The wavelike nature of atoms as they are cooled to lower temperatures can be used to form atomic interferometers that outperform optical counterparts in measurements of accelerated reference frames 4-7 , which are important for inertial guidance systems, but can also provide sensitive measurements of mass, charge and magnetic fields [8][9][10][11] . Greater sensitivity beyond the classical limit is possible via squeezed 12 and entangled states 13-15 , which are also fundamental attributes for quantum computing 16,17 , and long distance quantum networking 18 . Ultracold matter has been used in the emerging field of quantum simulation 19 and is an indispensable tool in determining fundamental constants 20 , testing general relativity 21 and defining measurement standards 22 . Many researchers and industries believe such tools will be a major part of the 'second quantum revolution' in which the more 'exotic' properties of quantum physics are applied for practical applications 23,24 .The field of ultracold matter has reached a matua) m.d.himsworth@soton.ac.uk rity in both experimental methods and theoretical understanding allowing experiments to begin leaving the laboratory 25-27 . These systems are bespoke, rarely take up a ...

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