Purificication and properties of <i>Aspergillus niger</i>β‐glucosidase

Watanabe, Takashi; Sato, T.; Yoshioka, Shin; Koshijima, Tetsuo; Kuwahara, Masaaki

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17332.x

Cited by 105 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…T. reesei produces ␤-glucosidases at low levels compared to other fungi such as Aspergillus species (560). Furthermore, the ␤-glucosidases of T. reesei are subject to product (glucose) inhibition (102,217,417) whereas those of Aspergillus species are more glucose tolerant (138,231,724,768). The levels of T. reesei ␤-glucosidase are presumably sufficient for growth on cellulose, but not sufficient for extensive in vitro saccharification of cellulose.…”

Section: Cellulase Enzyme Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd

Weimer

Zyl³

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,009

2,868

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Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for “consolidated bioprocessing” (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts

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Section: Cellulase Enzyme Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Lynd

Weimer

Zyl³

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

4,009

2,868

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In A. nidulans, an endoglucanase was identified that was developmentally regulated and that was produced only during cleisthothecial development (25). For several ␤-glucosidases, transglycosylation activity has been observed using cellobiose (33,396), cellotriose, methyl-␤-glucoside, and ethyl-␤-glucoside (407) as substrates.…”

Section: Degradation Of Cellulose and The Xyloglucan Backbonementioning

confidence: 99%

AspergillusEnzymes Involved in Degradation of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Vries

Visser

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

877

585

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SUMMARY Degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides is of major importance in the food and feed, beverage, textile, and paper and pulp industries, as well as in several other industrial production processes. Enzymatic degradation of these polymers has received attention for many years and is becoming a more and more attractive alternative to chemical and mechanical processes. Over the past 15 years, much progress has been made in elucidating the structural characteristics of these polysaccharides and in characterizing the enzymes involved in their degradation and the genes of biotechnologically relevant microorganisms encoding these enzymes. The members of the fungal genus Aspergillus are commonly used for the production of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. This genus produces a wide spectrum of cell wall-degrading enzymes, allowing not only complete degradation of the polysaccharides but also tailored modifications by using specific enzymes purified from these fungi. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from aspergilli and the genes by which they are encoded.

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“…For this reactivity, glucosidase has been utilized for synthesis of glucosides linked with various bonds. 6,7) However it is expected that a new catalyst showing higher acceptor and linkage specificities to form favorite oligosaccharides more abundantly will be found.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transglycosylation Reaction and Acceptor Specificity of Exo- and Endo-type Cellulases

Nozaki¹,

Kano²,

Amano³

et al. 2004

J. Appl. Glycosci.

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Novel and biofunctional oligosaccharides have been synthesized by using transglycosylation of various hydrolases. The combination of many kinds of sugars and linkages makes it possible to produce a number of available oligosaccharides. However, there are few reports concerned with the synthesis of oligosaccharides linked with the glycosidic bond such as cello oligosaccharide. For developing this, the application of transglycosylation performed by cellulase may be the most effective.On the cellulose degradation, cellulases are divided into the major three groups: endo type cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91) and glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). Among these, it is known a certain glucosidase exhibits not only cellulose degradation but also glucosyl transfer with 1,2, 1,3 and 1,6 as well as 1,4 bonds. For this reactivity, glucosidase has been utilized for synthesis of glucosides linked with various bonds. 6,7) However it is expected that a new catalyst showing higher acceptor and linkage specificities to form favorite oligosaccharides more abundantly will be found.On the other hand, the structural analysis of transfer products provides some information about the action pattern of cellulase. There has been discussion about the hydrolysis mode of cellulose molecule, from the reducing or nonreducing end, performed by cellobiohydrolase using several methods. 2,8,9) However, about the directionality in hydrolysis in CBH I from T. reesei has been disputed. 2,9) Additionally, it is interesting to compare the transglycosylation behavior between exo and endo type cellulases. In this study, we have compared the potential of cellulases for transglycosyl reaction and investigated acceptor specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODSEnzyme sources. All enzymes used in this study were purified from commercial enzyme preparations. CBH I, CBH II and EG II were obtained from Sumizyme C (from T. reesei, Shin Nihon Chemical Co., Ltd.). 10,11) Ex 1 and Exo A were also purified from Driselase (from I. lacteus, Kyowa Hakko Co., Ltd.) and Sumizyme AC (from A. niger, Shin Nihon Chemical Co., Ltd.), respectively. 12,13)Substrates. Cello oligosaccharides and pNP glycosides used in this experiment were purchased from Seikagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Reduced cello oligosaccharides were prepared by the method of Barr et al . 8)Transglycosylation reaction. The reaction was carried out at 30 C in 4.2 M enzyme and 12.5 mM acetate buffer (CBH I, pH 4.0; CBH II, pH 4.5; Ex 1, pH 5.0; and EG II, pH 4.5) or 12.5 mM citrate HCl buffer (Exo A, pH 3.0) containing 1.25 mM G3 and 5 mM pNPG1 as a donor and an acceptor, respectively.

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Purificication and properties of Aspergillus nigerβ‐glucosidase

Cited by 105 publications

References 23 publications

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology

AspergillusEnzymes Involved in Degradation of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Transglycosylation Reaction and Acceptor Specificity of Exo- and Endo-type Cellulases

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